Black Like Me Racism And The Social Problems That Come...

The main theme of Black Like Me is Racism and the social problems that come with Racism. Initially, John Griffin the author of this book, shows how painful it is to be discriminated against due to someone s skin color. He Also, he shows the ugliness of racists, and their personalities that have been distorted by hatred. While experiencing the events of this book, Griffin endures hate stares, threats, harassment, and humiliation. In retrospect, he is unable to find a job and, in accordance with segregation, he is also unable to use restrooms or enter many establishments due to the color of his skin. Through John s experience, the only employment he was able to find was as a shoe shiner and he only found this due to the kindness of one man, a black man. Likewise, John also had to walk far out of his way just to be able to find a restroom or even a establishment to eat in, which are basic human needs. In like manner, John also learned that, racism even exists among blacks themselves, who value lighter skin over dark skin. Thus, making someone in your own race feel lesser, because they are darker, which is know better than the white racists in this book. Moreover, darker skin blacks were not only treated different by whites, but also by their own race. One would think that black society would know how it feels to be judged by the color of their skin, so why would they segregate betweenShow MoreRelatedRacism : The Fight For Equal Justice Is A Spectator Sport1226 Words   |  5 PagesRacism entails several different and often related philosophies concentrated on the concept of race. Today in society, children from all different backgrounds are growing up not knowing what to believe and what to think about whom they are and where they come from. â€Å"Racism has become more than just individual beliefs. It’s become part of coherent sets and ideas legitimizing social pract ices that reinforce the unequal distribution of power between groups designated in racial and/or ethnic terms† (Dossier:Read MoreSocial Forces Of The Holocaust1534 Words   |  7 Pages There are many social forces that affect any society. However, there may be more prominent social forces in a society, or country that has experienced a traumatic event that effected their entire country or society. Germany is a major example of a country that went through an incredibly traumatic event. The Holocaust is the traumatic event that hit Germany beginning in the 1930’s. The Holocaust was a period in time from 1933 to 1945, in which Jews experienced discrimination. Out of nine millionRead MoreRacism Is An Umbrella Term And Indicates Separation1689 Words   |  7 PagesRacism is an umbrella term and indicates separation in view of race, as well as society, ethnicity, and financial force. It is the conviction that one race or culture is in a general sense better than another, p aying little mind to anthropological proof despite what might be expected. This difference, the apparent mediocrity of one race over another, is generally utilized as reasonable justification for separation, whether systematized or person. Racism keeps running as a counterpoint to the generalRead MoreThe Evolution Of A Person s Skin1196 Words   |  5 Pages The Evolution of Racism It is hard to believe that color was such a major factor as few as, 63 years ago. The color of one’s skin is often said to make them, unjustly, inferior, to someone with non-pigmented skin. The color of a person’s skin was the leading principle of unfair treatment throughout history. Skin color dictated what line an individual would stand in and what bathroom they could use. Throughout time, racism has evolved from the blatant disrespect to people of color, but yet, it stillRead MoreRacism And Its Effects On Society1395 Words   |  6 Pagesunderstanding and being able to resolve social issues like racism. Throughout history slavery has happened because of racism, and there are many people who have tried to bring it to an end, but that isn t the case. This has always played a major role in our society and the social classes that people are put into. The classes are based on skin color, language, customs, their culture and their background, this is the belief that one r ace is superior to another. Racism seems to be known for just the colorRead MorePhilosophy And Justice: What Is A Just Society.. Introduction1122 Words   |  5 PagesParks stated that racism is still with us but it is up to us to educate our children for what is to come and then shall we move forward. There are those who believe that these words no longer hold value. That is farthest from the truth. Unfortunately racism is indeed still real in this world. You see, racism is not something that appeared out of thin air. In fact, racism began dating back to the early years of slavery. Thank God slavery no longer exists. Yet racism still does. Racism still plays a majorRead MoreDoes Racism Still Exist?1549 Words   |  7 PagesDoes racism still exist? This is one of the countless controversies between people today in which many people might answer â€Å"no†. Others may agree with Eduardo Bonilla-Silva, a sociology professor at Duke University. Bonilla-Silva argues that racism still exists, but has become more subtle since the end of segregation. Bonilla-Silva refers to this new racism as color-blind racism. This term is defined by Bonilla-Silva in his book, White Supremacy and Racism in the Post-Civil Rights Era, as, A newRead MoreEssay on Racism and the Police Force1346 Words   |  6 PagesRacism and the Police Force There were two cops. One said You niggers have to learn to respect police officers. The other one said, If you yell or make any noise, I will kill you. Then one held me and the other shoved the plunger up my behind. He pulled it out, shoved it in my mouth, broke my teeth and said, Thats your *censored*, nigger.(Abner Louima) The police officers that allegedly performed this act of racial violence on August 9, 1997 had no reason to brutally beat and sodomizeRead MoreRacial Discrimination : White People897 Words   |  4 PagesPeople assume that white people aren’t victims of racial discrimination. Racial discrimination has been around for centuries. Unfortunately, it is still a part of our society. Racism is everywhere and is even the top stories in the news. The way I grew up increased my chance of racial discrimination. To explain, I have a multiracial family and some people don’t accept it. Also, I have friends of different races that often say disturbing commen ts. Stereotypes play a big role on how people view aRead MoreThe Linguistics Of Color Blind Racism1262 Words   |  6 PagesEduardo Bonilla-Silva is a professor of sociology. He has written multiple books about color racism. The linguistics of color blind racism: how to talk nasty about blacks without sounding â€Å"racist† is one of the works that incudes color racism that I will be discussing. This title describes how other races that are racists are trying to hide so they find ways to speak about the blacks trying to not sound racist. I am in agreement with Silva’s work because I have witnessed instances where semantic

India a Global Economic Super Power - 2208 Words

INDIA A GLOBAL ECONOMIC SUPER POWER New parts of the world that were not long ago considered undeveloped, backwater countries, are now taking center stage in the global economy. Much has been publicized about the ascendance of Chinas economy, as it has become a major venue for the manufacturing of products sought after by worldwide consumers eager for cheaper goods. However, Chinas Asian neighbor, India, also has a vigorously growing economy. Indias economy is partly being fueled by companies around the world seeking to reduce their costs by outsourcing some of their operations there. A March 9, 2005 article in the International Herald Tribune reported that within 30 years, India is projected to have the worlds third largest economy†¦show more content†¦Business Process Outsourcing, or BPO, involves more routine processing of data. Ravi Aron, Professor of operations and information management at the University of Pennsylvanias Wharton School, said examples of BPO involve more routine functions where there is a predefined way of doing tasks or even reaching conclusions, as in data entry, accounts maintenance and customer service activities such as those performed at call centers. BPOs typically provide such services as setting up bank accounts, selling an insurance policy and voice and e-mail-based computer support. Aggarwal said that a higher Level of service than BPO is called Knowledge Process Outsourcing or KPO. KPO involves high-end processes such as investment research and Legal and insurance claims processing. In a March 21, 2005 article in the Indi atimes News Network, Pavan Bagai, Vice President, strategic businesses, EXL said, Imagine unsorted data going through a black box and coming out as useful information. In KPOs the black box is your mind. There is no predefined process to reach a conclusion. In either BPO or KPO, India often offers a huge cost savings potential over those functions being performed by American workers in the U.S. Aron said that in credit card-related functions, the cost of an American worker, including benefits and overhead, rangesShow MoreRelatedEssay about Is India Really and Emerging Super Power?911 Words   |  4 PagesIndia: a land of high human capital, rich culture and a growing economy. Yet, is it, as the topic claims, a growing super power? It is this papers firm belief that India is a rising super power, and will, in a few short years, surpass the USA and China. In this essay, I will explore the relevance of the above statement and evaluate how valid it is. This essays main argument is centred on the society and economy of India. India’s economy is growing strong and at an extremely rapid pace. HoweverRead MoreThe Future Of The Liberal World Order1733 Words   |  7 PagesOrder†, John Inkenberry discusses what he sees as a global shift in power, from the Western and Northern powers such as the United States and Great Britain to the more Eastern and Southern developing states like China, India and Brazil. This potential shift in power has sparked a fear in many people. This fear, as the global power switches from West to East and North to South, stems from the thinking that these new nations that are coming to power will abolish the liberal world order that we all knowRead MoreThe Indian Response to the US Rebalancing Strategy1642 Words   |  7 PagesThe Indian Response to the US Rebalancing Strategy India has been considered as a crucial factor in the US Rebalancing Strategy. On a visit to India, former US Secretary of Defence Leon Panetta referred to India as the ‘lynchpin’ of the US Strategy in Asia. Yet another US government report stated that, â€Å"The United States is also investing in a long-term strategic partnership with India to support its ability to serve as a regional economic anchor and provider of security in the broader Indian OceanRead MoreThe Development Of A Nations Foreign Policy Strategy1078 Words   |  5 Pagesspheres of power and influence develop. One of the most inevitable factors affecting forging policy is location. The development of influence based simply on geographic location has not gone unnoticed from nations participating in global relations. In a consistently turbulent world, nations are constantly realizing their relevance on the world stage. Nations will often realize this relevance and continue to develop it for their benef it and political gain. The intersections of economic, social, politicalRead MoreIndia Super Growing Economic Power1483 Words   |  6 PagesIndia super growing economic power Submitted by: MUHAMMED FAZAL K Preface India is a new emerging economic power in the world. Though the 21st first decade saw a global level financial crisis, India didn’t wilt under its pressure due to it’s the Government’s progressive policies and full-fledged reforms. Particularly, nationalization and liberalisation were the real saviors of India from the recession. Also, the national sectors and global raid helped to maintain the economy in proper way. Read MoreWhat Did The World Economic Downturn Of 2008-09 Boost China s Position As A World Leader?1075 Words   |  5 PagesAssessment 2: CHANGING BUSINESS ENVIROMENT Q1. To what extent did the world economic downturn of 2008-09 boost China’s position as a world leader? A1. China began its 2008, fiscal year with a continuing growth rate in double digits until the Global Financial Crisis struck the world leaving the United States and the Europe economically wounded. Though during the phase it was assumed China would be immune to the GFC, however the banks collapsing in the Europe and the America dragged China into a financialRead MoreThe Effects of Globalization on US Society and Economy Essay1359 Words   |  6 Pages The world we live in today is going through enormous changes in economics, technology, culture, politics, etc. The effects of the changes are not so clear, since it is hard to predict how each sector would affect the other and how society will be affected. However, analyzing past and present occurrences provides some information for experts to interpret society’s reaction in the future to different transformations. Globalization can be seen as a process in which societies aroundRead MoreEffects Of Imperialism On The Indian Economy1449 Words   |  6 Pagesto the Indian Economy In 2015 India was ranked among the highest countries globally in consumer confidence, this comes after the International Monetary Fund estimated an economic growth of up to 7% annually for the next decade in India. But this hasn t always been the case, in fact, it wasn t so long ago that India was simply another colonized nation around the world, not to mention it s usually rare to see this kind of economic growth in such a small period of time. The EffectsRead MoreIndias Nuclear Activity between 1968 and 19981618 Words   |  6 Pageschamber it sees a little sign that says ’only those with economic power or nuclear weapons are allowed.’ I said to him, ’it is very difficult to achieve economic wealth’.† This was said by I.K Gujral, the Indian Prime Minister at the time during a U.N general meeting in 1997. The context and focus of this essay will be India’s nuclear activity between 1968 up until the Pohkran-II tests in 1998. The background element shows that, in 1968, India wanted to protect its own right of experimenting withRead MoreGlobal Future Of The United Kingdom1742 Words   |  7 PagesGlobal look in the next twenty-five years Introduction Power in the global system is relative and always changing. Countries and regions fall and rise mainly due to the unbalanced levels of economic growth, imperial overstretch and wars. Some global regions develop more drastically compared to others due to domestic institutions, policies, effective political leadership, technology and the ability to mobilize state resources that put them at an advantage position over another state and regions.

Literary Criticism Paper Free Essays

An archetype Is a reoccurring pattern of Images, symbols, or a situation. The hero archetype Is one who tries to fulfill a necessary task and tries to restore Justice to a society. The hero will commonly go through the hero’s journey in search for truth and information on restoring Justice to a society. We will write a custom essay sample on Literary Criticism Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now All archetypal heroes share certain characteristics. In 1984, by George Orwell, Winston follows the hero’s cycle because there is nothing told of his childhood, he looses favor with the Party, and Winston is not burled after all. Throughout the book ‘We are told nothing of his holding† (Garry 1 1 ) besides the few memories or dreams he shares with Julia or himself. After waking up crying one morning, Winston shares a memory of his childhood Tijuana; he recalls the time him and his sister and mother spent most of their days in underground shelters, hiding from air raids. Many times, Winston and his family went without food. From starving one day, Winston stole chocolate from his mother and sister and ran away, never seeing them again. Winston constantly dreams about his mother and Is convinced he murdered her because he stole her chocolate and left her there to starve. However, his subconscious Is his only road to the truth. Although the reader is given small memories on his childhood â€Å"nothing remained of his childhood except a series of bright-lit tableaux occurring against no background and mostly unintelligible† (Orwell, 3). Implying, the reader is not really told anything of his childhood besides the subconscious memories and few unclear images In 1984, the God Is represented through Big Brother. This Is true because Big Brother Is perceived as the ruler of Oceania and he Is a very high figure to the people. Big Brother’s face is constantly being broadcasted and he is even stamped on he coins. Thus, Winston â€Å"Later loses favor with the gods and/or his subjects† (11) by wanting to do many rebellious acts and hateful thoughts. For example, Winston begins to have sex with Julia, which was only, â€Å"a blow struck against the Party† (126). Implying there was no true emotion towards Julia and Winston and Julia only had sex to rebel against the Party because having sex Is a major crime In Oceania. Also, Winston looses his support towards the Party shown when he wrote â€Å"Down with Big Brother† in his diary. Again, signifying his hatred towards the society and writes to mind people of the better times in Oceania and writes about what it used to be and what it can still become. Towards the end of the book Winston and Julia are surrounded by troops of the Thought Police. From there Winston is taken to the horrid Room 101 where he Is tortured. Room 101 holds the person’s greatest fear and for Winston It Is rats. As the rats come closer to his face he yells, â€Å"Do It to Julia! Do It to Julia! Not me! Julia! I don’t care what you do to her. Tear her face off strip her to the bones. Not me! Julia! Not me! † (286). It is here Winston betrayals Julia and fully egging to believe and love Big Brother and the Party. Winston did not only betrayal Julia, but he also abandons himself. Winston follows the hero cycle because â€Å"His body is not buried, but nevertheless† (1 1 Meaning the Ministry of Love broke and tortured his mind and will and mentally killed him but Winston Is still physically living. Hang out with Julia. However, he is essentially a slave because he cannot express any of his own feelings of rebellion, including to himself in the privacy of his mind. Winston was a very mentally strong character who understood the corrupt world he ivies in while nobody else does. During the beginning of the book he does not find any pleasure in Big Brother and as the story progresses he starts to love Big Brother. His goal is to change society’s means and gain the freedom of thought back. However, he is a bizarre hero because he is middle-aged, has an average intelligence, and is very weak. He is a hero, although, with different heroic characteristics. Finally he is a hero because, Winston childhood is a mystery, his support for the Party is lost, and he becomes a walking slave for the Party and Big Brother. How to cite Literary Criticism Paper, Papers

Social and Environment Sustainability for Oxley - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theSocial and Environment Sustainability for Oxley Holdings. Answer: Current situation of the company Oxley Holdings Limited is a company that develops property concentrating in the improvement of commercial, residential as well as industrial schemes. The company is headquartered in Singapore. Oxley Limited has its schemes located in areas that are accessible with various means of transport. Most of its projects have modern features and amenities that have been notable and coveted in market. [1] Oxley, today, has worked beyond the beyond the borders forging partnerships with other prominent companies and businesses. It has registered its international outlook in Malaysia, China and United Kingdom among other countries. [2] In the financial year 2015, Oxley registered a revenue of about $ 701.9 million, indicating reduction of 35% from the previous year. The profit available to the shareholders thereby reduced to $ 60 million. Per share earnings also condensed to 2.07 cents. However, the balance sheet has been strengthening due to increase in the value of equity to $ 570.1 million against $ 465.2 million in the previous fiscal year. Due to stiff competition in Singapore, the company has been facing serious marketing challenges. In the Singapore Exchange Market, Oxley still needs to cope with the standards despite being listed. The company has to keep the upward growth and stock in high rating so as to attract and boost the investors confidence in the company. According to the Annual Report, Oxley Limited is having a strong financial ability by being able to meet all the costs of production with excess as profit attributable to the shareholders, however, its operational externalities have not been evaluated by clearly. To get its externalities examined and controlled for a better future, there is need for sustainability reporting by the company. Sustainability report The future of any company, today, lies on its ability to objectively carry out a sustainable report on it externalities on the environment in which it operates. A well done sustainability report will enable the company to keep its upward spiral in a number of ways including; Informed consumers will probably identify and buy from a brand that is conscious of its sustainability practice. Most consumers and companies are likely to consume products from a company that is known to practice sustainability. A company that practices sustainability does extremely well in the market since most consumers are attracted to it thereby augmenting its profit margin in the end because even the business of doing business is to do business for profit. [3] The company will also gain long term loyalty from its customers. The consumers will be proud of identifying their only one company for a long time. The value of shareholders is likely to remain outstanding among other companies. There will always be an improvement in the value of the shareholders. Also the company will always be on the pathway to satisfy the needs for tomorrow through innovation and invention of new financial management. Empirical evidence The S P 500 Analysis by nonprofit CDP established that any company that has a well-developed sustainability practice in the system attracts profit close to 18% and enjoy 67% stability more than the companies that are adamant to implement sustainability practice (CDP Report). Investors also are eyeing at the companies that are with quality management in resource allocation and maximization of profit. CDP suggests that leading in climate change is another way of demonstrating quality management. [4] Executive summary To understand the environmental picture of the company, there is need to work together with partners, take detailed data and analyze them with specialists to avoid the common mistakes and also determine if the system of the company is capable of delivering sound decisions. Evaluate how well Oxley Limited is doing by bridging the gaps of providing service to the clients. The process of improvements can be undertaken by the managers to evaluate the cots-effectiveness of implementing the sustainability report as guided by the specialists. Conclusion Oxley limited has continued to present ornamental equity to the investors with stability in earnings over the past years. Therefore, to realize further stability in profitability in future, the company needs to work on its market intelligence as well as implementing sustainability practice report. References Carroll, A., Buchholtz, A. (2014). Business and society: Ethics, sustainability, and stakeholder management. Nelson Education. CDP S P 500 Climate Change Report, 2014.https://www.starwoodhotels.com/Media/PDF/Corporate/CDP-SP500-climate-report-2014.pdf Hughen, L., Lulseged, A., Upton, D. R. (2014). Improving stakeholder value through sustainability and integrated reporting. The CPA journal, 84(3), 57. Ioannou, I., Serafeim, G. (2016). The consequences of mandatory corporate sustainability reporting: evid., Khnen, M. (2013ence from four countries.

Alternative Lifestyles free essay sample

An alternative lifestyle is a lifestyle generally perceived to be outside the cultural norm. A vegetarian is a person who does not eat meat, fish, or fowl or products containing these foods. The eating patterns of vegetarians may vary considerably: †¢ Vegan: follows a strict diet excluding eggs, dairy, and all other animal products; †¢ Lacto-vegetarian: Excludes animal flesh and eggs; †¢ Lacto-ovo-vegetarian: Eats a diet of mainly grains, vegetables, fruits, legumes, seeds, nuts, dairy products, and eggs, and excludes meat, fish, and poultry; Ovo-vegetarian: Excludes animal flesh and dairy products; So, why should we become a vegetarian? Every minute of every working day, thousands of animals are killed in slaughter-houses. Every year, more than 27 billion animals (including fish) are killed for food in the United States alone. Animals who die for our dinner table die alone, in terror, in sadness and in pain. Anyone who eats meat condones and supports the way animals are treated. We will write a custom essay sample on Alternative Lifestyles or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Animals suffer from pain and fear just as much as we do. Because when animals feel pain, they scream, too. If we burn them, they feel it. If we give them electric shocks, they feel it. Because they will not be able to lay eggs. There are no rules about how this mass slaughter takes place. Some are crushed or suffocated to death. Many are used for fertiliser or to feed other animals. Animals which are a year old are often far more rational and capable of logical thought than six week old babies. Pigs and sheep are far more intelligent than small children. Eating dead animals is barbaric. What does meat contain? Drugs and hormones There are over 20,000 different drugs, including sterols, antibiotics, growth hormones and other veterinary drugs that are given to livestock animals; Agriculture chemicals animal foods contain far higher concentrations of agricultural chemicals than plant foods, including pesticides, herbicides, etc; High fat plus cholesterol Animal foods are higher in fat than most plant foods, particularly saturated fats.. Modern farm animals are deliberately fattened up to increase profits. Eating fatty meat increases our chances of having a heart attack or developing cancer; Pathogenic microorganisms There are a host of bacteria and viruses, some quite dangerous, that are common to animals. When we eat meat, we eat the organisms that are there; Body wastes Food from animals contain their waste, including adrenaline, urine and lactic acid, etc. , Before adding ketchup, the biggest contributors to the flavor profile of a hamburger are the leftover blood and urine; Excess protein This causes excess nitrogen in the blood that creates a host of long-term health problems. Meat isn’t good for our health †¢ lower rates of type 2 diabetes, heart disease, prostate cancer, and colon cancer. High fruit and vegetable consumption is associated with a reduced risk for cardiovascular disease, several common cancers, and other chronic diseases (such as macular degeneration and cataracts); Vegetarians are fitter than meat eaters. Longevity. Go veg for the world water waste The worlds fresh water shortage is being made worse by animal farming. And meat producers are the biggest polluter s of water. It takes 2500 gallons of water to produce 1 pound of meat. Here we can see a table where it? clear that the gallons of water necessary to produce vegetables and fruits is much lower than to produce meat food.

Cell Answers Essay Example

Cell Answers Essay Example Cell Answers Paper Cell Answers Paper 1. Confirm your understanding of cell specialization by listing six systems in the human body and naming at least one specialized cell found in each system. Nervous system neurons Digestive system – exocrine cells Respiratory epithelial cells Musclular liver cells Reproductive sperm cells Circulartory red blood cells 2. Use the analogy of the cell as a manufacturing factory to describe the function of the following cell structures: plasma membrane, mitochondria, nucleus, Golgi, ribosomes, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum. Plasma membrane acts like a fence Mitochondira – electrical source for factory, provides energy Nucleus – manager of factory, the control center of it all Golgi – distribution shipping department, send out the product to where it needs to go Ribosomes – where the good/products made, could be considered a worker in factory, making the products Endoplasmic reticulum – hallways in factory, used for travel of information and product Lysosomes – a back up generator incase power goes out, the janitor/maintence man, and the delete button that can ultimately destroy the entire factory. 3. In adults, over 90% of all cancers are either adenomas or carcinomas. In fact, cancers of the skin, lung, colon, breast, and prostate are all in these categories. Which one of the four basic tissue types gives rise to most cancers? Why might this type of tissue be so susceptible to cancer? I think the epithelial tissue gives rise to most cancers. I think this because of all the tissues it is the most exposed and the largest in the human body. It can come in thin or thick layers making some areas more susceptible than others depending on exposure. Its ability to absorb can lead to absorption of harmful chemicals and toxins. If something in this system fails, like its secretion function in the stomach, then other systems in the human body such as the digestive system, will cease to function properly. 4. Explain why our epithelial tissue heal more rapidly than other types of tissue. This tissue lacks blood vessels. â€Å"They are nourished by substances that diffuse from underlying connective tissue, which are well supplied with blood vessels. Epithelial cells reproduce routinely. As a result, injuries to epithelium are likely to heal rapidly as new cells replace lost or damaged ones. † (Mindbodyhealth. 2010) Mindbodyhealth. 2010. Epithelial Support with Peak ATP. Retrieved from: mindbodyhealth. com/RoexEpithelial. htm Rizzo, D. (2010). The human body. (3rd Ed. ) Fundamentals of anatomy physiology. Clifton Park, NY: Delmar, Cengage Learning.

Military and Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Military and Technology - Essay Example Politics is another major factor that determines the acceptance of a certain technology. Military technology is associated with various engineering fields like the mechanical, chemical, mechatronics etc. And the use of this technology requires basic military training as result; some of these harmful gadgets are not left to the civilians like the bombs, guns, missiles etc. However, some technologies were meant for the militants but with time and advancements the government allowed the civilians to be in their possessions (General Books LLC, 2010). My work focuses on the global positioning system (GPS) technology. GPS is space technology that helps in locating objects directed by the satellites. It also indicates the surrounding weather. A GPS receiver is the gadget that uses the space technology to give locations among other benefits. The signals received by the GPS receiver from the satellite is analyzed accompanied by some calculations then the receiver gives feed back in terms of t he transmit time and the distance to the satellite all displayed on the receivers’ screens hence can be used by the militants to locate positions. This technology was developed in 1973 to solve the problems associated with navigation. Man had a problem with locating places and this made navigation-a very important aspect in the military so difficult. Before this invention, man tried to solve the positioning and navigation problems by using the stars which were not reliable as they only existed during some nights. The star pattern kept changing, giving wrong information in terms of positioning. Pendulums on the other hand were used to indicate time and they were not only slow but also cumbersome to carry and count the swings. It was also not accurate hence could not be relied on. Design and the principles behind this space technology were not original but were adopted from some radio based systems of navigations that include the Loran as well as the Decca technology which were found in 1940. Atomic clocks used the gravitational forces to indicate time and this solved part of navigation problems however, it gave vague information to the militants as it only showed time but not positioning hence some innovations were still required. Another prior related innovation was the omega system of navigation and it also had several limitations as it was not accurate. The greatest need that led GPS technology innovation was during the cold war ant the United States wanted to use the nuclear bombs for attack. The submarines were to be accurately positioned before releasing their missiles. The air force had to navigate accurately to get the correct positions to release their missiles. The weight and urgency of these needs led to innovation of GPS but the first technology was in adequate as it’s slow to the fast moving air force planes. The technology was advanced to assist in timing too and by around 1974 it had atomic clock. A better product was attained by in corporating the ideas of navigation, and timing hence a better GPS. This was further advanced to Navistar GPS. The invention was based on scientific knowledge i.e. the effect of time in a strong electromagnetic region. It was found that time is slowed and this could be used to indicate time as well as navigation. However, the experiments were based on trial and error method and this cost the government a lot of cash until some positive feedback was attained. The combination of timing and the navigation component was basically on trial

I Can Problem Solve Program Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

I Can Problem Solve Program - Essay Example First, it is important to take a careful look at Shure's own approach and experiences with this method. In the article "Raising a Thinking Child: I Can Problem Solve Program For Families," Dr. Shure explains the ICPS approach (2002). Myrna Shure's program, "Raising a Thinking Child: I Can Problem Solve (ICPS) Program for Families, helps to develop interpersonal cognitive problem solving skills (ICPS) relating to behavior, and can be implemented as early as preschool. By focusing on the child's interpersonal cognitive problem solving skills, the program is attempting to help cut back on the child's ability to develop problematic behavior in later life. Parents are also taught in this program, as they are educated to develop an appropriate problem solving method in their own communication, which should give young children the ability to think for themselves (Shure, 2002). When Dr. Shure first made the program, the program had been developed for parents (especially mothers) and guardians of low-income four-year-old African American children. The program has now since grown, and works with parents of children that are as old as seven, as well as middle and upper-middle income children, and children that demonstrate at-risk behaviors (for instance, children with ADHD or any other special need (Shure, 2002). In order to finish the program, ten to twelve weekly sessions are required. In order to get a grasp of the approach, six weeks of training is necessary. The first lesson teaches problem solving vocabulary by using games. This is followed by the second section, which trains the children listening skills, as well as how to read people's feelings and understand their own feelings. This should help them understand that people can feel differently about the same concept. The last part of the program provides hypothetical problems to the children, asking t hem to take people's feelings into consideration as well as consequences of their actions and various ways to problem solve. Parents are, throughout the training, learning how to discover their child's comprehension of problems, while learning how to engage their child in problem solving techniques (Shure, 2002).According to Dr. Shure, among low-income African-American mothers, two hypothesis-testing studies and one pilot were done with four year olds. After this, there was a three year follow up, examining the children at the ages of six or seven. When studying the middle and upper-middle Caucasian children and parents involved in the program, as well as those with learning problems, the researcher was able to discover that the children had gained in alternative solution thinking skills, and this had helped to cut back on bad behaviors in both school and home settings. Children that started the program during their kindergarten years also did better overall academically (Shure, 200 2).Dr. Shure has completed several studies that help to support the success of the method. This includes her article "Interpersonal problem-solving in young children: A cognitive approach to prevention," when a 1982 study demonstrated that ICPS was yet again successful.

Hip Hop Culture Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10750 words

Hip Hop Culture - Research Paper Example In order to begin to explore the history of the development of hip hop, it would be appropriate to familiarize with such a direction in music, like rap, which is translated literally and means - rhythmic poetry (rap with a stick). First, it would be appropriate to discuss how all this happened in America – motherland of hip hop, and then look at this event in Russian culture. The history of hip hop began in 1969 in South Bronx - the black ghettos of New York. However, the word â€Å"hip hop† itself did not exist yet - DJ Africa Bambaataa invented it five years later when this culture had required a general title. And in 1969 another legendary DJ, Cool Herk, coined another word: â€Å"b-boys† - short for â€Å"break boys† – â€Å"the boys, dancing in the breaks.† So, Cool Herk invented the word â€Å"b-boys†. Its original content was innocent, but society, as always, deciphered it in its own way, assuming the young shoots disco as â€Å"bad boys† – â€Å"hooligans.† Their girlfriends were named as â€Å"flygirls† – â€Å"fly†, pretty, outdoor shots dressed girls. As always, young people proudly raised the banner of these names on - and the culture of hip hop hatch to the world. Cool Herk moved to the Bronx from Jamaica - and brought the tradition of the Kingston street dances to which the DJ turns on the plate with reggae, and poets start their recitative. But it was not music, but in the street, the independence of these events and the leading role of the DJ. Prior to this, the American DJ was a hired ‘horse’ in the big clubs and put what the owners wanted it off.

Hewlett Packard: Porters Five Forces, SWOT and PEST

Hewlett Packard: Porters Five Forces, SWOT and PEST 1.0 Background The organization being chosen to carry out such change process analysis is the computer industry and the organization company in focus is amicably regarding HP Computers. Thus, change processes in business organizations involves the reality behind every process and is considered as a daily cycle in dealing to various issues and concerns of the organization as it depends on the managements actions and its respected change of nature in dealing with effective change management as directed at overcoming anger and resentment evolving into a program that supports acceptance and internalization. As a consultant commenting on the organizational change process choosing HP organization as the focal point for discussion and analysis for this presentation, role to the organization is to have a clear emphasis dealing to the external and internal change drivers and other essential points needed for the realization of purpose for this report presentation for the senior management of the HP in provi ding factual information that will be able to give a better substantive spontaneity of understanding of such organizational state needed for selection and the application of the appropriate management models as well as concepts per se. This essay utilized HP Corporation as the model organization to review its present visions for renewed organization and how they dealt with critical situations. From the analysis, key trends in the change strategies of HP Corporation were then identified, how they worked and their effectiveness in dealing with critical situations was ascertained. The paper then moved on to assess these change strategies with regard to their suitability to critical situations, during which the internal capabilities of these change strategies in relation to the strategy being followed by HP Corporation was determined also. An overall analysis of the performance and effectiveness of the change strategies was also conducted to assess and compare the capabilities of these change strategies with those of others. Gaps in the change capabilities and environment were then identified. Finally, several choices of strategies to improve the change strategies of HP Corporation as effective means in critical situations were recommended and evaluated in terms of appropriateness to the issues reviewed, feasibility in carrying out the options and acceptability within the key stakeholders and decision makers. Several key implementation issues related to managing strategic change were also addressed as well. 2.0 Introduction: Typically, the concept of organizational change is in regard to organization-wide change, as opposed to smaller changes such as adding a new person, modifying a program, etc. Examples of organization-wide change might include a change in mission, restructuring operations (e.g., restructuring to self-managed teams, layoffs, etc.), new technologies, mergers, major collaborations, rightsizing, new programs such as Total Quality Management, re-engineering, etc. Some experts refer to organizational transformation. Often this term designates a fundamental and radical reorientation in the way the organization operates. Change can be defined as the efficient and effective implementation of the policies and tasks necessary after takeover or merging of one or more companies or organizations. Change management focuses on the careful management of the processes involved in the gradual adjustment of the new management and its workforce. More often than not, the newly merged or acquired business entities dont really have an easy time adjusting to the changes brought about by the acquisition or take-over. As a result, these entities engage in activities that are somehow resisting to changes. Therefore, the major activities of the company such as the manufacturing of products, product development, production and distribution become severely hampered. However, change deals with all operations done within companies and organizations. Activities such as the management of purchases, the control of inventories, logistics and evaluations are often the focus of change. A great deal of emphasis lies on the efficiency and effectiveness of processes. Therefore, change includes the analysis and management of internal processes. 3.0 Hewlett-Packard (HP) SWOT Analysis: 3.1 Strengths: The new product offering New innovation for RD Competitive Price After sales service 3.2 Weaknesses: Internal control issues Lack of in-house management consulting division No aggressive investments in RD compared to historical spending Unrest among internal employees due to pay cuts and lack of people care Intellectual Capital is under estimated No Good People retention policy or HR practices to ensure IC is protected 3.3 Opportunities: Emerging markets, particularly countries e-Commerce expansion Restructuring of internal IT structure Imaging and printing businesses 3.4 Threats: Intense competition from other PC manufacturers Increasing competition on imaging and printing Slowdown in economic conditions Product recalls and supply chain disruptions 4.0 Hewlett-Packard (HP) Porters five forces Analysis: 4.1 Rivalry within the Industry: The centre area represents the rivalry in the industry. On the left are the main traditional players in the industry, with an indication that there is a large amount of consolidation occurring between these companies. On the right are the areas in which the market is being fought. In the basic access/basic services arena, many companies are offering the same deal access and basic services, and so those that are doing it more cheaply than others will attract customers. Otherwise, ISPs will have to offer something special to differentiate them from others. 4.2 Threat of Substitute Products: There is a tremendous attraction for companies other than offer computer accessories and services, especially if they know they can enter the market at a high level. Competitors have the resources and computer accessories know-how to be successful in this industry. They are also aware of the threats of not being a part of this industry, and are entering at a tremendous rate, either by acquisition, merging, or simply. 4.3 Threat of New Entrants: Due to the nature of the computer market, the threat of new entrants is reasonably strong. There are low barriers to entry all that is needed to become is a small amount of capital and some technical know-how. Much of the activity can be outsourced, which can reduce initial costs. 4.4 Bargaining Power of Suppliers: The suppliers are those that own the networks. These tend and backbone providers. Backbone providers generally own what is the absolute backbone of the Internet, and control routing and switching of traffic. Own the local loop copper pairs, which most customers use to connect and the lines that lease to connect to the Internet, and much of the Internet backbone. 4.5 Bargaining Power of Buyers: Although an individual consumer has little or no say about how much an ISP charges, due to the rivalry within the market, ISPs generally have to offer their services at reasonable prices. They will lose their customer base if they charge more for a service someone else provides more cheaply. Switching costs are low, and so churn rates are high. 5.0 The External Environment A PEST Analysis of Hewlett-Packard (HP): A PEST (Political, Economic, Sociological and Technological) analysis is a scan of the outside environment to try to spot changes that might impact upon business. These changes might be seen as opportunities or threats. 5.1 P Political: HP operates as a global business within 145 countries world wide. It is organized into three global business groups which roughly correspond. HP is subject to various regional regulations and policies within the associated trading blocks. The key factors at play include trade regulations and tariffs, legal framework for Intellectual property and contract enforcement. The advent of globalization has mitigated against the more adverse impacts of such policies, Europe to America and Visa Versa. In addition, Japan and China and Korea are large important markets for HP and general movement to free markets has encouraged expanding trade here. 5.2 E Economic: HP is directly impacted by general economic trends. The Server, PC and storage business are barometers of general business economic climate, for example the 2001 technology crash impacted various areas of these business units. Also the mobile PC business, printer and ink business are directly tied to consumer spending and sentiment. The back to school consumer market is a very large component of the HP sales in summer months. HP is a mature company and with lower than average employee attrition rates, particularly within the United States, this aging workforce has negative financial implications for pension and downstream Medicare costs. 5.3 S Sociological: HP is subject to a number of macro social trends. One key trend is the market and political focus on green issues. HP as a large ink and printer manufacturer, people use a lot of paper and ink with HP products so its indirect carbon footprint is large. Also as the worlds largest PC and laptop manufacturer, HP will have to address potentially stricter environmental policies in the coming years. We already have seen recent European legislation concerning end of life disposal for consumer white goods. There is a large change in social interaction with technology, wireless and mobility are now key product and user demanded attributes. Peoples expectations relating to technology are accelerating. People are also using technology in new ways, HP must map and maintain coherence with these social trends to be successful. 5.4 T Technological: As HP is a technology enterprise, there are many macro factors at play in this category. The most salient are discussed here: Emergence of Linux This impacts HPs core enterprise platform business, HP has invested and developed over many years its own enterprise version of Unix called HP-UX. Convergence of standards and technologies Computing infrastructure is now viewed as a utility by many large enterprise customers, an intel based platform running windows is practically identical in terms of price /performance from any vendor. Scale of Technological Advancement The price /performance scalar for computing platforms is well documented but this rapid advancement has large impacts on how enterprises configure supply chains and routes to markets. Lower Cost Computing Improvements in technology have led to rapid advances in mobile technologies and lower cost have yielded large price /performance gains for consumers. Service revenues mix changing The advent of new technologies such as virtualization, standardization of the platforms and lower cost of hardware / software is changing the way customers now purchase value added services from HP. 6.0 Vision for Renewed Organization: It all started in 1939 when Bill Hewlett and Dave Packard created HP when they worked on an audio oscillator in a garage in Palo Alto, California. After Walt Disney bought several of these oscillators for their latest movie, Fantasia, the company was off and running. While HP began as a company that produced all sorts of electronic products, their first focus was on test products like counters and voltmeters. Later on in the sixties, HP ended up becoming the founder of Silicon Valley. They got into semiconductors in the early sixties and by 1966, they entered the computer market with the HP 2100and the HP1000. These were sturdy models that lasted for a good twenty years before more advancements saw screen keys and the HP 2640 rise to the occasion. HP is one of the few companies in the world to successfully marry the technologies of measurement, computing and communication. The company makes new advances in portable computing, enters the home-computing market and continues to invent new printing and imaging solutions. For most of the decade, HP enjoys growth rates of 20 percent. Early in the 90s, John Young retires and is replaced by Lew Platt, under whose leadership HP continues to grow. HP becomes recognized as a company whose policies on work-life balance, diversity and community involvement help attract and retain top employees. At the end of the decade, HP spins off its measurement and components businesses to form a new company, Agilent Technologies. It also brings on board a new CEO, Carleton (Carly) Fiorina, who focuses the company on reinventing itself for growth and leadership in the 21st century. HP has approximately 39,000 employees around the globe and has a large and diverse corporate organization. HP company has lot of computer systems in many locations such as Austin, Texas and Nashville that could be of high staffing cost and value that has contributed in maintaining sales to over thirty four offices around and then serve as the front line in terms of selling its products and services worldwide. In human resource side, HP conducts training for all employees in order to reduce absenteeism and human errors as well because the high-quality staff is required in enhancing the best quality performance of the company. HP Corporation aims for change in order to pursue sustainable growth as a broad market leader in mobile computing as well as for segment leadership. In both cases, the HP brands will play a crucial part. HP Corporation is able to establish its broad leadership usually by acquiring other strong mobile computing companies and their products, which are then combined into a new, larger company. Offering training to its employees, improving the company operations, and the introduction of new technologies then reinforces the positions of the various HP products. This practically results in economies of scale that is able to create a distribution network for both the local and international HP products. If a market is already in the control of other mobile computing companies, HP Corporation devotes its attention towards the development of a premium segment with its various HP products. The vision of HP Corporation for renewed organization is to secure the growth of the business in a sustainable manner, while at the same time constantly improving the companys profitability. The strategy to achieve this involves four elements: Striving in order to reach a leading position in attractive markets Focusing on securing a competitive share of the mobile computing market segments. Working in order to improve the companys efficiency and cut costs in operations. Continuous growth through selective acquisitions for as long as they are able to create shareholder value. 7.0 Scope of Change: 7.1 The Change for Staff: Human resources are an organizations most important asset. Ultimately an organizations distinctive competences lie in the skills and abilities of its employees. Because these skills and abilities give an organization a competitive advantage, organizations must continually monitor their structures to find the most effective way of motivating and organizing human resources to acquire and use their skills. Employees basically refer to people who work for another in return for wages or salary. Legally, an employee is referred to a person hired to provide services to a company on a regular basis in exchange for compensation, and who does not provide these services as part of an independent business. However, stated that employees are more than any of those definitions. Employees are the lifeblood of the organization because they are the ones who provide products and services that define corporations, organizations and government entities. They are referred to as the most precious assets of the organization because without them, the organization is crippled and cannot function effectively. Because of the important role of employees, HP Corporation has the responsibility to motivate them so as they can function more effectively. Theories of motivation such as Maslows theory, Alfelders theory, McClellands theory, and Herzbergs theory explain why employees and staff should be motivated and why organizations should take this concept into consideration. But what really constitutes effective employee motivation? Building a positive communication with employees is important because they are the organizations best ambassadors or loudest critics, depending on how fast they get relevant information and the context in which it is received. Information consistency affects the success of the company and if it fails to communicate information internally and externally, the reputation of the company may fall. Communication basically uplifts the morale of an employee as it makes them feel that they are valued by the organization. This also builds employee loyalty and satisfaction. 7.2 The Change for System: Organizational function needs to develop procedures that allow it to manage the particular environment it faces. As the environment changes. Organizations often transfer resources to the functions where the most value can be created. Crucial functions grow in importance, while those whose usefulness is declining shrink. An organization can improve the value that its functions create by changing its structure, culture, and technology. The change from a functional to a product team structure, for example, may speed the new product development process. Alterations in functional structure can help provide a selling in which people are motivated to perform. The change from traditional mass production to a manufacturing operation based on self-managed work teams often allows companies to increase product quality and productivity if employees can share in the gains from the new work system. There was a period when HP Corporation was generating its first surplus which was the effect of the cost-cutting activities imposed by their management. This was the time when HP Corporation had also realized that the organization needs to pay attention on it customer service so as to ensure that the industry will continue to earn profit. In order to initiate such change, HP Corporation hired Consultants to gather data about staff and customer attitudes. The result of such evaluation shows that there is a significant gap between what the staff is providing and what the customer actually needed. Hence, another management initiative was the change of the system from staff- oriented to customer oriented industry through the creation of customer is king culture within the organization. 7.3 The Change for Strategy: The organizational structure of HP Corporation also changed to a much flatter and slimmer structure. Five sections of the industry are directly reporting to the CEO and eleven profit centers were created. This structural alternation aims to enhance the staff integration and communication, within HP Corporation. The performance-related pay was also introduced by the management based on an appraisal system which values the significance of customer service and organizational cohesion. This change also includes major investments in ground facilities and IT in order to adhere to the needs of its customers. 8.0 Speed of Change: The speed of change can be two types_ Evolutionary Change is described as incremental, gradual and narrowly focused. This change is constant. Evolutionary change may be a carefully developed, long-term goal that an organization is moving toward. One tool that can promote and direct evolutionary change is strategic planning. Revolutionary Change Revolutionary change is dramatic, rapid and broadly focused. This radical shift may mean new ways of doing things, new goals or a new organizational structure. The three important components of revolutionary change are reengineering, restructuring, and innovation, as described by Jones and George. Revolutionary change is appropriate within the technology industry, where swift advancements often happen. Although an organization cannot plan for every situation, scenario planning may be most appropriate to predict potential revolutionary change. In scenario planning, a business envisions possible future outcomes and creates a plan to deal with each one. Reengineering involves rethinking and redesigning business processes to increase organizational effectiveness. Instead of focusing on an organizations functions, the managers of a reengineered organization focus on business processes Although the management change had been able to enhance the competitiveness of HP Corporation, this does not mean that the company felt the changes immediately and became free from any other problems and issues. Definitely, the employees and staff took time before they became fully adjusted with the changes as HP Corporation imposed a more comprehensive human resources management through its Staff Development Initiative. However, not all employees had been able to meet the objective of such initiative. Hence, the problem encountered by HP Corporation during and after the management change is a concrete evidence of the lengthy time that the company experienced getting accustomed with the changes. 9.0 Proposed Action: Strategy 1: Product Development The retailers represent HP Corporations largest sales and marketing channel which encompass national and regional office supply stores and mass merchants. Distributors represent HP Corporations second largest channel and generally sell to both traditional and Internet resellers and retailers. In Europe and Asia, HP Corporations market share is still relatively high. HP Corporation has more than 100 international distributors located worldwide. Strategy 2: Product Penetration The company uses the online store as a venue to sell its products. This is accomplished through the use of e-marketing campaigns and product bundles. The company is able to build awareness of its products and brands through mass media advertising, public relations efforts and branded Internet properties. The company also makes it a point to receive feedback from its customers through market research. The company then uses these feedbacks to refine its product development efforts and marketing strategies. The company also initiated an e-commerce strategy to increase online sales and provide new innovations in business class which increases customer satisfaction. Strategy 3: Enhancement of Operations / Efficiency and Effectiveness HP Corporations direct to customer model solve the problem for additional capital for marketing and sales. By selling directly to consumer it eliminated retailers along the way. One advantage of this kind of system is that the firm is continuously in contact with its customers and they are benefiting in two areas concerning sales and marketing, seeing sales trends and learning about unmet costumer demands. Strategy 4: Technology Improvement Technology is an important source of competitive advantage. And this is considered a strength of HP because the firm enjoys better access to technology. HP introduces the latest relevant technology much more quickly than companies with slow-moving indirect distribution channels. 10.0 Leadership: The existing style of leadership HP uses is the transformational leadership style as the CEO Michael HP applies this particular style of leadership that involves inspiring employees to transcend their own self interests and work for the larger good of HP company. HP articulates a vision that convinces subordinates to make important and positive changes in business process and management and relates to profound belief on beliefs and values that goes beyond its changes and achieving ways to transcend proper decision making engaging through such utilization factors as HP utilizes the IT as a factor for the successful running of its business. The acquisition by means of using some of the leadership styles as HP will make sure to value their customers and business partners in a form of interpersonal style of expressing to a level of virtually integrated as if theyre inside the company and by having customer information as used for analyzing and forecasting customer demand and achieving th e mass customization. HP expect that the success would be forever and they expect that other companies might implement such leadership models and believed that Information Technology would play a vital role in the success of the business as well as the centerpiece of the business per se. 11.0 Communication Change: Communication is important in HP Corporation because its business environment is the place where many interactions are needed, and where much information is acquired. It always involves openly competitive activity, in which working professionals in HP Corporation debate issues, defend positions, and evaluate the arguments of others. Most working professionals in HP Corporation, particularly those in middle and upper management, routinely produce a variety of messages, many of which are in the written form of memoranda, electronic mail, letters, reports, performance reviews, instructions, procedures, and proposals. It is also argued that a fuller understanding of organizations is a vital ingredient at every forward step of the career process, and that communication is a primary element for understanding how organizations function and how members of the organization should, even must, behave in organizations if they are to advance their careers. The practice of effective communication within HP Corporation is also linked with the development of a healthy corporate culture, job satisfaction of employees, and the happiness and productivity of employees. Communication skills are also important to the leaders of HP Corporation because it helps them manage the company more effectively. 12.0 Conclusion: It seems that the major cause of the problems encountered by HP Corporation is due to the unplanned management changes imposed. In addition, the problems also arise because of the inadequate knowledge of its management about the use of strategic management and other management systems. This way, the empire of HP Corporation will remain unscathed amidst the advent of consolidation and globalization.

Communications between Parents and Children Essay -- Family Communicat

Healthy family relationships depend on healthy communications there are many ways and times to practice and teach good communication to children. There are many times that without good communication, the parent-child relationship suffers and sometimes ends abruptly. Good communication skills should be taught from birth and continue throughout adulthood. In order to have a good parent/child relationship with open communication, there must also be mutual respect. If there is no respect, the lines of communication will falter. Tom Schwartz states that he knows of â€Å"many cases where children are raised in an atmosphere of dark secrecy about both the matriarchal and patriarchal parts of their families. They grow up with a sense that something must be wrong but fear discussing this with their parents.† (5) Most people have grown up with family secrets, but some secrets can destroy a family. The act of hiding the secret(s) provides an excuse to limit self-disclosure, and reacts negatively on one’s self-esteem. â€Å"Good communication helps keep a family running smoothly and prevents misunderstandings from escalating into conflict or from being buried unresolved.† (Feiden, 68) When these become extremely limited or negative, there is an increased chance of a separation and possible ending of the relationship. The end of the relationship could mean that parent and child no longer talk, or they are forcibly separated for their own health in extreme cases. Unfortunately, â€Å"emotional health can be passed down from generation to generation just as easily as abuse and dysfunction,† (Bloch, 7) making such dysfunctions of communications a continuous process. In cases like this, communication is crucial. The secrets should be shared within the family. ... ...heir lives. Works Cited Bay, Willow, Talking to your Kids in Tough Times, New York: Warner books, 2003 Berenstain, Stan & Jan, What Your Parents Never Told You about Being a Mom or Dad, New York: Crown Publishers, Inc., 1995 Bloch, Douglas, Positive Self-Talk For Children, New York: Bantam Books, 1993 Children’s Defense Fund. â€Å"The state of America’s children 2008† 2009: 80 Pages. October 30, 2009 . Feiden, Karyn, Raising Responsible Kids, New York: Prentice Hall Press, 1991 Schwartz, PH.D., Allen, â€Å"Family Secrets†, April 25, 2007: 8 pages October 30, 2009, Sturges, Tom, Parking Lot Rules & 75 Other Ideas for Raising Amazing Children, New York: Ballantine Books, 2008

Barnesandnoble.com & Technology

Technology and internet made life more efficient nowadays. Part of innovation is the integration of websites where one can buy books that they need and have it shipped directly at their doorstep. Barnes and Noble is one of the most trusted site when it comes to online bookselling. This paper aims to evaluate the website along with its business model, ethical, legal and security issues. A discussion will also be presented on how the website uses communication technologies in both effective and non effective ways. One of the largest book chains stores in the US has been Barnes and Noble.It started as a local book store and find ways to make book buying more convenient by creating their own website. Online booking selling seems to have one disadvantage over store book selling. The customers in the stores are able to feel the book and read excerpts of the book. In such a circumstance, they would be more interested in buying the book and would find the book its money’s worth. With time, the internet is beginning to change, and many of the manufacturers are beginning to show case the product and actually permit the customer to sample it using the internet.With the bookshelf model, it does seem that it would be costly to get the investment to setup the place, build shelves and get the logistics. In comparison, an online store does not require much of investment and infrastructure. The customer can access the online bookstore from almost any part of the world and can select the book. The user would need only a computer, an Internet connection, and a membership username and within a short period of time the product would be delivered to the house. Studies have shown that when the price of a product was lowered, below the willingness to pay, the customer is more likely to obtain the product.The customer would obtain the product satisfactorily, if the price equals the willingness to pay. The customer would not be happy if the price of the product is higher than the willingness to pay. Barnes and Noble has a good reputation and has it stores located in various parts of the US. People are paying more money for Barnes and Noble products because it is more renowned and started as a local store. Barnes and Noble company went online and offered the customers huge discounts for online hardcover and paperback versions (up to 30 %).Barnes and Noble wanted to become the leader in online bookselling by displacing other online bookstores. They felt that online business offered much greater opportunities, as people could not find a bookstore with a variety. People from even other countries could do online shopping and improve the sales of the company. The investment over infrastructure and setting up a shop was much higher compared to a bookstore compared to online shopping. People, who did not have the time to search for a bookstore, could now do it setting in the comfort of their homes. This seemed to be one of the greatest advantages of online shopping .Through online shopping, the books could be advertised and marketed and this could really boost sales. Barnes and Noble operated a sorting facility in Jamesburg, and slowly this facility began to expand. They developed a very efficient strategy in comparison to Amazon, and claimed to bring the book to the customer much faster than what Amazon actually did. However, the operations of both, Barnes and Noble and Amazon were similar. Barnes and Noble also created better web features compared to Amazon. They also separated out the online operations from the bookstore in order to evade tax.This practice is considered to be unethical and illegal because it is the prime responsibility of a business to adhere to tax rules. At the back end of the operations, Barnes and Noble also tried to establish relations with the publishers and the wholesalers. One advantage the company had observed was that the operations were much lesser compared to a standard bookstore as infrastructure costs were sav ed. Barnes and Noble soon began to offer to the online customers, books at the wholesale or warehouse rates. The company also offered several services.The software tool of Barnes and Noble company permitted the customers to store personal data and also buy the books very easily. They also signed up with several Internet organizations such as AOL and the New York Times to provide extra services. AOL provided software and news services. This is one good strategy as the communication technology is maximized and at the same time security issues are intact. As Barnes and Noble offered personalized services, it could be combined to the Harvesting model of substitution. Barnes and Noble also tried develop a website much richer than other websites.They began to involve the operations of the book supply system so as to improve the online strategy. The software technology utilized by Barnes and Noble was also much superior to prove that the company really has a good business model. Barnes and Nobel website had its name already established in the online book market. They were seeking to make relationships with the customers and improve their business further. The graphics of the website that belonged to Barnes and Noble was much more esthetically pleasing compared to others. The main targets of the website were the buyers which is really a good strategy in business.Several benefits of the business model of the website gives focus on the costs of the books, marketing, advertisement, brand name, services provided, reputation, delivery time, discounts provided, range of after sales services, etc. Barnes and Noble is really a customer friendly website. Reference: Barnes and Noble (2009), Books, [Online]. [Retrieved: February 18 2009] from: http://www. barnesandnoble. com/bookstore. asp? z=y,. Barnes & Noble Booksellers (2009). [Retrieved: February 18 2009] from: http://www. washingtonpost. com/gog/book-events/barnes-and-noble-booksellers- rockville,798835. html

Achievement gap in k

Achievement gap in k In academic institutions the level of learners’ performance varies, with some learners being average, others above average, and others falling below the average level. The variation in the performance of the pupils could occur in some class or category like gender, race, disabilities, religion, and culture. Moreover, the difference in the academic performance of students in schools among these categories is what is referred to as achievement gap. Several factors can lead to underachievement in schools. Some are community related factors while others are factors within the learning institutions (Snell, 2003). One of the problems that cause the achievement gap is lack of enough funds. For instance, pupils from very humble background often do not perform well compared to their financially able counterparts. They often lack supplementary learning materials that may not be provided in schools, and their general education is surrounded by debts. Another problem is poor education pol icies. Educational policies adopted within a particular nation may cause the achievement gap. If there is no standard national curriculum, then the students progressing into k-12 level from different middle level schools may have difference in performance.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Achievement gap in k-12 education specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The religion and culture of an ethnic community can also be a factor contributing to achievement gap. Culture would have influenced the educational level of parents, further influencing their perception on education. In other words, some students come from communities that are in the process of civilization. Racial, gender, or tribal discrimination, which eventually leads to inequitable access to educational facilities, is also a cause for achievement gap. Racial discrimination has been witnessed in several parts of the world, for instance, discrimination between the White and African American. Pupils subjected to different environments will definitely perform differently even if their abilities were the same. Disability among students can also lead to a gap in the performance. If the appropriate aid were not given to physically or psychologically impaired students, then they would not be able to cope up and meet the required standards. The quest to narrow the achievement gap among the students is a collective responsibility that calls for the co-operation of all education stakeholders. To solve the problem, stakeholders should note that all students in a school could achieve the academic standards that are set if only the factors leading to the underachievement were identified and proper measures taken. Teachers are the immediate stakeholders who can blow the whistle on the occurrence and causes of the gap. The first step in dealing with the gap is for teachers to â€Å"commit themselves to engaging in deep inquiry into the nature of the prob lem and its root causes† (Snell 2003). They need to accept that narrowing the achievement gap is their responsibility; thus, they take initiative both within the school and outside the school to correct the situation. Teachers at all levels should ensure that they adhere to the provision of the national curriculum. They should ensure that students with special needs are given the necessary incentives to enable them to have equal learning opportunities. In addition, they should advocate for a similar and conducive learning environment, as well as cultivate the spirit of unity and group-work among the students.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Finally, even though there is very little that teacher can do in relation to cultural and economic factors emanating from families, enlightening parents on educational matters could help. Some parents are just attitudinally poor; ho wever, a slight motivation could enlighten them. Nevertheless, community culture like preferring to educating boys over girls should be highly challenged by teachers in the parent-teacher forum. Reference Snell, J. (2003). Who is Responsible for Closing the Achievement Gap? The Role of School Leaders in Acknowledging and Accepting the Challenge. New Horizons for Learning. Web.

Biology The Skin essays

Biology The Skin essays The skin is the largest organ of the body. The skin, including nails, hair, and sweat glands, is sometimes called the integumentary system. If the skin of a 150-pound (68-kilogram) person were spread out flat, it would cover approximately 20 square feet (1.9 square meters). Skin has two layers: the epidermis and the dermis. Subcutaneous tissue provide protection for the skin. The epidermis forms the outermost layer of the skin. It serves as a barrier between the outside world and the inner tissues of the body. The outer portion of the epidermis consists of tough, dead cells that prevent bacteria, chemicals, and other harmful substances from entering the body. It also protects the body's inner tissues from the harsh rays of the sun and prevents the loss of water from these tissues. The dermis is the lower layer of the skin. The dermis helps keep the temperature of the body within its normal range. The body produces tremendous amounts of heat as it uses food. Some of this heat escapes from the body through the blood vessels in the dermis. When the body needs to retain heat, these blood vessels narrow and so limit heat loss. When the body needs to give off heat, the blood vessels in the dermis expand and so increase heat loss. The sweat glands, which come from the epidermis, also help control body temperature. These glands produce sweat, which is released through pores on the skin surface. As the sweat evaporates from the surface, it cools the body. The dermis also serves as an important sense organ. Nerve endings within the dermis respond to cold, heat, pain, pressure, and touch. Subcutaneous tissues lie directly beneath the skin. They provide extra fuel for the body. The fuel is stored in fat cells. Subcutaneous tissues also help retain body heat and cushion the inner tissues against blows to the body. ...

(Name of film) is valuable (or not valuable) in the study of 20th Essay

(Name of film) is valuable (or not valuable) in the study of 20th century America because (fill in reason) - Essay Example ils the only criminal case in the country that charged anyone with conspiracy in the death of the president or called into question the results of the Warren Commission. At the same time, it takes a look into the personal life of Garrison as he dealt with both internal and external pressures in bringing this case to trial. With the depth of the movie’s explorations, it is possible to deduct some of the more important socio-political movements of the time period in which it is set. Because of the way in which he goes about detailing the development of various theories as to what happened that afternoon in Texas, Stone’s interpretation makes it clear in a very public way that at the least, the Warren Commission could not have been correct in its findings when it ruled a lone gunman achieved the death of a president. Up to the release of the movie, Americans were falling asleep regarding the details behind the assassination, but with its release, they once again asked the questions that had remained unanswered since the House Select Committee on Assassination Report was released in 1979 (Renner, n.d.). This public reaction eventually led to the release in 1994 of some documents associated with the Warren Commission’s report. Oliver Stone’s JFK is valuable in the study of 20th century America because it re-examines a nation-changing event, asking the questions that had been almost forgotten and never answered. Despite his insistence that he is not trying to portray a historically factual documentary regarding the assassination, Stone utilizes several real-life players in depicting his version of events. Key among these is President Kennedy himself. By refusing to recast the president, Stone not only proves his talent as a director working with limited available footage, he provides a sense of reality into the story. When he uses the Zapruder film, Stone is able to inject a somber mood of reflection as audiences realize this is the actual event and not

Posts Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Posts - Term Paper Example to minimize the chances of the researcher moving out of the topic as research based on what the researcher had learnt in the undergraduate course (Carnegie, 1998). Thus this would ease the search for information as the researcher would have all the required source of information. This information would ease efforts to conduct the research than if he/she was researching on a topic not relevant to his/ her degree. I disagree with choosing a topic based on profundity and breadth. The main reason being the requirement is how much evidence the researcher provides. This may be darned much possible for a topic having short profundity and breadth given the researcher is able to gather large quantity of information required to support argument raised. The same study for a topic with large profundity and breath may have immense trouble to accomplish if the researcher is unable to gather enough evidence to support the argument. Data collected during the research may be enough but still fail to satisfy the requirement of the topic researched. Thus the size of the topic being for which research I conducted may not be of substantial necessity in conducting the research. I agree that, to source for a sufficient amount of pertinent information is extremely importance in conducting the study. This evidenced by the fact that for any research being conducted it is a prime requirement to have sufficient information (See, 2012). It evidenced that plenty of information provides enough proof to support the topic under which one is carrying a research. Sufficient information is a crucial aspect to the research, completion of search for pertinent information clearly indicates that one is almost completing the project. This being the most expensive stage of research requires one to purchase several materials, do printing, fill questionnaire and prepare for the presentation. Qualifying the presentation stage shows that the research was successful and thus the information obtained was

Divorce in the Pentateuch Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Divorce in the Pentateuch - Essay Example This essay will critically analyze what the Pentateuch has to say on the topic. According to the Creation story it would appear that divorce was not a part of God’s plan when he created man and woman. â€Å"This is why a man leaves his father and mother and clings to his wife, and the two of them become one body† (Genesis 2: 24). If marriage was meant for two persons to be as one body then divorce would be viewed as an illness since it was making the body less wholesome. ‘If a man, after marrying a woman and having relationships with her, comes to dislike her, and makes monstrous charges against her and defames her by saying, â€Å"I married this woman, but when I first had relations with her I did not find her a virgin,† (Deut 22:13 – 14). The woman is viewed as an object and is always the property of the man whether it is the husband or the father. The verse further explained that the father should try to prove her innocence. Although this passage gave instructions that if the girl is found to be innocent the man should not divorce her it shows the responsibility that the community has when it comes to marriage and divorce. In return the couple is supposed to bear witness to the community and they had to show proof before a divorce could take place. The man was supposed to write the woman a certificate of divorce and send her away from his house. According to Hall this certificate was â€Å"crucial to protect her status† (359). Furthermore it served as a way of announcing to society that the woman was eligible to remarry. The man according to this verse in Deuteronomy is bound by the law in keeping his wife. He cannot divorce her because she was found to be innocent. This shows that this was the only grounds he had. â€Å"Moreover, she shall remain his wife, and he may not divorce her as long as he lives.† On the other hand

Sports Activities at School Essay Example for Free

Sports Activities at School Essay Introduction The aim of this report is to analyse why so many students aren’t motivated to do a lot of sports activities at school. A number of students and teachers were interviewed and their suggestions for changes to the methods are summarised. The problem * There aren’t a lot of different sport activities offered at school There don’t seem to be a lot of sports that can be played at school. Only a few sorts of sports are offered and that are football, that isn’t even weekly and a real competition, and softball. If these sports don’t fit you, you haven’t got a lot of opportunities to play sports at school. * Students don’t intend to sport a lot anymore Students aren’t known for their plesure of moving and sporting a lot. The electronics swallow a lot of their spare time, and they aren’t motivated to play sports in their leisure time, because it’s less exciting. Improving the situation What steps can be taken to improve the situation? I would recommend that teachers place more emphasis on increasing the different sorts of sports that are offered at school, in order to get students more motivated. When they are allowed to choose the sport that attracts them most, they will become more motivated. When students are playing a sport they enjoy, they will easily resist the instant tempation of their electronic games. Conclusion Students aren’t as motivated for sports as they should be. There aren’t enough sports activities offered at school, which leads to low motivation on the part of students. In my opinion there should be given more choices to the students what sport they want to practice. When they get to choose from sports they enjoy, they will get more motivated.

Concept of Organisational Misbehaviour: Analysis

Concept of Organisational Misbehaviour: Analysis Organisational Misbehavior Critically evaluate the argument that organisational misbehavior is a ‘normal’ feature of organisational life Introduction The notion of organisational misbehavior can be interpreted in a lot of ways based on different perspectives, different people, shifting situations, and by the changing level of awareness and understanding on the life of an organisation. There is a primary purpose of organisations in the context of fulfilling certain individual goals. Northcraft and Neale (1990, p.5) say that people come together and form organisations because organisations can accomplish things that are beyond the reach of individuals. They come together to accomplish what each individual cannot accomplish alone. The meaning of behavior in organisations according to Northcraft and Neale revolve around managing behavior to take advantage of the performance benefits of groups over individuals. This is where the concept of a good behavior and misbehavior takes shape. Organisational Behavior Organisational behavior is a multidisciplinary definition that illustrates a number of points (Gibson et al, 2000). Some of these points relate directly to the conduct of the organisation in society. First, it indicates that the behavior of people operate at individual, group, or organisational level. This suggests that when trying to study the organisational misbehavior in the perspective of being a normal part of organisational life, it must identify clearly the levels of analysis – individual, group, and the organisation being used. Second, there’s a distinctively humanistic orientation within the organisation behavior. People’s attitudes, perceptions, learning capabilities, and objectives are important to the organisation. They provide the rich mixture for their organisation’s culture and strategies to evolve and prosper. Thirdly, the external environment is seen as having significant impact on the organisational behavior. Finally, there’s also the application orientation which concerns providing useful answers to questions that arise in the context of managing the organisation. Misbehavior is often interpreted to mean ‘bad behavior’ or a deviation from the normal norms and ethics expected of individuals and organisations. To say that organisational behavior also involves other certain kinds of misbehavior still descends to the fact that any type of behavior can be either good or bad depending on the context that it is applied to in real life situations. When this type of behavior exists and eventually prevails in any organisational setup, it would likely grow into a certain stature of normalcy and seep into conventional wisdom. In order to understand why this argument seems to make sense in the framework of an organisation’s life, it is important to first identify the different compositions of an organisation, its objectives, culture, structure, and strategies. The complexities associated with these compositions have made it virtually impossible to model and envision a ‘perfect’ organisation. Organisations have had some bouts with internal and external conflicts in one way or another. Some have mastered the arts of deception and impropriety. It is unrealistic to say that organisational misbehavior is not part of organisational life either. People in the organisation may misbehave and some people may blame the entire organisation. Others may blame specific people (especially managers) when the real shortcoming came from the organisation’s policies. Other groups within the organisation or network may deviate from agreements and norms. The organisational culture may not also be up to the times and the current business strategies may not sit well with government regulation policies and industry norms. If these things do happen (and they happen a lot), it is not viable and healthy to draw the line between laying out unspoken rules in classifying organisational behavior to be good and a bad. People and Human Behavior People make up the internal social system of the organisation (Newstrom and Davis, 1997). This system consists of individuals and groups, and large groups as well as small ones. People are the living, thinking, and feeling beings who work in the organisation to achieve their objectives. An organisational structure is filled up with people who decide and deliver the goods for the organisation. Diversity presents a lot of challenges for management to handle. When people become members of an organisation whether in official, unofficial or informal capacity, they bring with them different educational background, talents, interests, and behavior that they eventually contribute for the success or failure of the organisation. The relationship among individuals and groups in an organisation create expectations for an individual’s behavior (Gibson et al, 2000, p. 7). An individual can be presented here as the organisation itself. These expectations result in certain leadership and foll ower roles that must be performed so that there will be some kind of order and system. Collective expectations can either conform or not to standard behavior. Collective misuse of resources interests, talents, expertise, and management strategies can constitute organisation misbehavior. Punch (1996, p.1) views these misconduct as harmful to the viability of the organisation and constitutes deviance by the organisation. To put it more bluntly, organisational misbehavior eventually boils down to the issue of profits and how it should be maximized. Money has always been a central issue in any organisation and it has often been used to measure the survivability of a business. Organisational goals always take into their mainstream policy the issue of financial and economic stability and prosperity. Punch (1996, p.214) strongly suggested that formal goals of the organisation thus constitute a ‘front’ for the real goals of management which is to provide a money machine for its owners and other insiders. If it is already common and normal for criminals to use any tool or weapon to perpetuate a crime, it would also seem normal for organisations to use the organisation itself to obtain money from ‘victims’ of its misbehavior. The ‘victims’ may actually be the customers or the members themselves. It is a prime example of what is called the â€Å"organisational weapon† – the organisation is for white-collar criminals as the gun or knife is for the common criminals (Wheeler and Rothman, 1982, cited in Punch, 1996). In short, an organisation is set up for the primary purpose of making a substantial amount of money in the form of a profit and improving the quality of life for the individual members of the organisation. Organisations have systems of authority, status, and power, and people in organisations have varying needs for each system. People need money and a sense of fulfillment. People also need power to impose their will to others. People want to attain a certain level of success as measured by their status and standing in the organisation. Taken as a whole, organisations follow certain types of ethical behavior and standards defined along its objectives and future goals. It is also believed that adherence to moral standards on the job can have positive outcomes on the organisation and society by promoting strong ethical behavior in any aspects of life (Mares, 2005). This strong behavior of one organisation can be used as a strong issue against another organisation which is considered to be ‘misbehaving’ just because it was not able to adhere to certain moral standards previously attained. Organisational Structure An organisational structure defines the formal relationship and use of people in organisations. According to Newstrom and Devis (1997), different jobs are required to accomplish all of an organisation’s activities. There are managers, employees, accountants, assemblers, and others who have to be related in some structural way so that their work can be effectively coordinated. How is the structure of the organisation related to the conduct of an organisation? According to Thompson (1997, p.588), structure is the means by which the organisation seeks to achieve its strategic objectives and implement strategies and strategic changes. Assuming that these strategies and changes are concerned with relating the organisation’s resources to its goals, will these resources be used in the proper way acceptable to all in the society? If change is necessary, it is correct to point out that resistance to change can constitute another concept of misbehavior. People confronting changes in their working environments often exhibit dysfunctional behaviors like aggression, projection, and avoidance (Hirschheim, 1995 p. 160). These types of behavioral patterns affect the overall behavior of the organisation. Another thing to consider in the organisational structure is the way decision making is delegated and observed. Thompson described the extent by which a decentralized and centralized setup of management decision making is vital in adapting to strategic change. In a centralized setup, organisational misbehavior is usually highlighted at the top management level because only a handful of people are empowered to do the decision making. A decentralized setup allows decisions to be made by most people who must implement change and usually allows the organisation a more collective approach to making decisions based on what is morally and ethically correct. This statement however, does not imply that a decentralized structure eliminates instances of misbehavior. It only lessens the probability. On the other hand, a decentralized setup could empower smaller groups within the organisation to abuse their power and open the possibility of misbehavior on a smaller scale. According to Tsahuridu, specialization and division of work that occurs in organizations may make people in organizations unable to see the illegality and immorality of certain actions. Each action is a part of a chain of actions, and even though each individual act may be legitimate and moral, all the actions linked together may constitute an illegal or immoral activity, which each individual participant may be ignorant of. Organisational Objectives and Culture Organisations must have objectives in order to exist. Objectives are always centered on what is basically ‘good’ for the organisation, whether the resulting action or consequences is ‘bad’. How is organisational objectives tied to organisational behavior? Profit and growth are means to other ends rather than objectives in themselves (Acoff, 1986, cited in Thompson, 1997). There is then a question of whether profit is the ultimate objective of profit seeking business organisations or whether it is merely a means to other ends, which themselves constitute the real objectives (Thompson, 1997, p.153). Organisational behavior can be better understood by assuming whether the real goal of the organisation is to maximize profit or to provide them with a good quality of life and better standard of living. Harris and Hartman (2002, p. 75) said that an organisation’s culture consists of the values, norms, and attitudes of the people who make up the organisation. Values show what is important; norms reveal expected behavior; attitudes show the mind-set of individuals. Organisational culture therefore tells people what is important in the organisation, how to behave, and how to see things. Culture is a part of organisational life that influences the behavior, attitudes, and overall effectiveness of members (Gibson et al, 2000). Managers are usually in the forefront of formulating organisational strategies and policies. Johnson and Scholes (1997, p.79-80) argued that in formulating policies, managers should regard experience (good or bad) as constraints on developments. They say that in order to develop the organisation to cope with today’s changing environments, they need to challenge the people around them and experiment with their different ideas and conflicting views in a pluralistic approach. The job of top management therefore is to create this sort of organisation by building teams that can work in such ways through the development of the everyday behavior and culture of the organisation. All of the issues related to the organisation in general have a tendency to influence and affect the behavior of the organisation. While it is safe to assume that the notion of misbehavior in the organisation tends to focus on the ‘wrong’ or ‘negative’ side of the organisation, it is preferred that misbehavior should be ‘corrected’ and dealt with by focusing on how to manage and institute reforms in the different aspects of the organisation. This is a tall and complex order. Organisational behavior is not only influenced by the different factors previously mentioned. Management policies have a tendency to adapt to changing situations in their environments. Some organisations’ strategies may take advantage of ‘weak’ government policies and regulations and find loopholes with which they can misbehave without being noticed. Other organisations’ strategies tend to focus on covering up unethical practices with good and conv incing arguments that their actions go against standard practices but at the same time, benefit a large segment of society. Punch (1996, p.1) described the behavior of today’s organisations as problematic and worrying. He reasons out that different kinds of organisational misbehavior are often caused by managers ‘lending’ themselves to deviant activities and the inability of government, business, and regulatory agencies to control effectively such misbehavior. He explains that this was largely because the subjects of business crime and corporate deviance have been sadly neglected by criminologists and crime-fighting bodies in favor of other areas such as street crimes, low-level law enforcement, and the prison system. Almost everyday, new types of organisation misbehavior are being uncovered and brought out into the open. As these corporate scandals and other forms of financial misconduct often perpetuated by top level management are exposed, more and more sophisticated strategies and techniques are slowly being uncovered. It is quite interesting to know that one kind of misbehavior can be linked to another form of misbehavior in another corporate partner within the network of organisations. Other sets of misbehavior can involve almost all levels of the organisational hierarchy. The realities faced by an organisation are different from others. Each organisation has an identity, an objective, a strategic plan, and differing sets of policies and regulations. Harris and Hartman (2002, p. 97) said this is because the underlying premise in the ideal culture is that the formal organisation’s norms and values are to be consistent with those of the various individuals and groups within the organisation. They say that the norms and values of individuals and groups of the organisation are hostile to formal organisational goals. This is especially true to members of top-level management and the rank and file members. Their hidden values may contradict the official policies of the organisation. Sometimes, the organisation may not value the potential contribution of its members. The need to create competitive advantage for profit and growth without the proper ethical system in place can lead to drastic steps and ethically questionable decisions and actions. Some m embers of the organisation may feel the need to make reforms while others may think taking radical steps will eventually spell success. Discontentment and trouble may brew over different ‘signals’ and messages that the inner structure of the organisation send out to the outside world. It is therefore evident that culture can become very counterproductive and the basis of confidence, cooperation, and adherence to standard norms and behavior can be damaging to the overall behavior of the organisation. This is the start of the decay of organisational values and norms and provides a fertile ground for breeding misconduct and misbehavior in any front of the organisation. Conclusions Misbehavior is a normal part of an organisation’s life. It is not a question of whether it exists or not. It tends to become an issue when organisations tolerate and do nothing to correct these deviances from normal behavior and when organisations formulate policies that sheer away from ethical standards that govern them. Why is it that organisational misbehaviors tend to exist even in model companies and organisations recognized for their professional excellence? There are different ways of understanding organisational misbehavior in the context of whether it is normal or not in an organisational life. If we try to look closely at the term ‘normal’ and ‘misbehavior,’ there are two things which would come into mind. First, nothing is perfect and it is perfectly normal for people to commit mistakes, either willingly or unwillingly. People can always create rules and policies to counter certain misconduct. Organisations can always innovate and deviate from these rules in order to attain their goals. In these instances, there is no such thing as a perfect law governing businesses and there is also no such thing as a perfect business strategy. In normal instances, mistakes are part of the learning process. As this cycle continues today, organisational misbehavior has already come to the point where people have already considered it part and parcel of their everyday life. It is part of the reality of life that has something to do with existence and how mankind adapts to ongoing changes. The only thing that people consider to be an issue in organisation misbehavior is the level or degree of how it affects society. Second, in order to survive, some organisations have to take the risk, whether this will put them in the burner for good or elevate their status in the business community. These risks are normally present in their business strategies, structure, objectives, and culture. They can follow the business rules by the book and end up earning nothing or they may deviate from certain rules and norms and reap profits. Again, it is normal for organisations to take risks and reap the benefits. All of the characteristics of an organisation are linked to one another to form their own identity and behavior. People are in a social structure within the organisation and are empowered to make good or bad decisions. The structure of the organisation limits or expands the power to make decisions. Bibliography Books Gibson, James et al. (2000).Organizations: Behavior, Structure, Processes. 3rd edition. McGraw-Hill, Manila. Harris, J and Hartman, S. (2002). Organizational Behavior. Haworth Press. New York. Hirschheim, R.A. (1995). Office Automation: A Social and Organizational Perspective. John Wiley. Oxford Johnson, Gerry and Scholes, Kevan. (1997). Exploring Corporate Strategy.Prentice Hall. UK Newstrom, John and Davis, Keith. (1997) Organizational Behavior: Human Behavior at Work. McGraw-Hill. Northcraft, Gregory and Neale, Margaret.(1990).Organizational Behavior:A Management Challenge. Dryden Press, Florida. Punch, Maurice. (1996). Dirty Business: Exploring Corporate Misconduct. SAGE Publications, London. Thompson, John (1997).Strategic Management: Awareness and Change. 3rd Edition.International Thompson Business Press.Boston Journal Article Mares, Micheal (2005), â€Å"The Importance of Business Ethics†,Retrieved last February 26, 2005 from http://www.webcpa.com Tsuahurido, Eva, â€Å"Ethics and Integrity: What Australian Organizations Seek and Offer in Recruitment Advertisements†,Retrieved: March 3, 2005 from http://www.pamij.com/7_4/v7n4_tsahuridu.html