Review Questions Essay Example for Free

Review Questions EssayAnswer the following questions (you may habit MS Project Help) 1) What are the three base schedules included in MS Project and what are the default values of each?Standard carelessness base calendar, Monday to Friday, 8 to 5, lunch noon to 1. This is the default base calendar employ for the rove, for tasks and for resources.Night Shift Usually for graveyard shift, 11 PM to 8 AM, five days a week, lunch 3 AM to 4AM.24 Hours Work never stops here. Typically used for projects in a manufacturing situation, midnight until midnight 7 days a week. 2) What is the difference between a base calendar and a resource calendar?Resource Calendars apply to only specific resources.3) why schedule one project meeting after completion of the last task, Test System?We should as a final meeting to discuss how the project went as a whole.4) Give an example of when you would assign a 24-hour calendar to a resource.24-Hour calendars would be used in situations where a cons ultant is being used to complete a fixed-cost task5) If you were doing a senior project, what would be the base calendar you would use for students working on the project and what adjustments would you make to it?The base calendar I would use would probably be the 24-hour calendar because there would not be a set time each task will be worked on.Turn in this sheet with your MS Project file to the Weekly iLab Dropbox.

Peace Essay Example for Free

Peace EssayPeace is a state of harmony characterized by the lack of violence, conflict behaviors and the freedom from dread of violence. Commonly understood as the absence of hostility, intermission overly suggests the existence of healthy or newly healed interpersonal or international relationships, successfulness in matters of social or economic welfare, the establishment of equality, and a working political order that serves the true interests of all. Etymology edit From the Latin pax, meaning freedom from civil disorder, the side of meat word came into use in various personal greetings from c. 300 as a translation of the Hebrew shalom. Such a translation is, however, imprecise, as shalom, which is also cognate with the Arabic salaam, has multiple other meanings in addition to peace, including justice, good health, safety, well-being, prosperity, equity, security, good fortune, and friendliness. citation needed At a personal level, peaceful behaviors are kind, considerate , respectful, just, and tolerant of others beliefs and behaviors attention to manifest goodwill.This latter understanding of peace can also pertain to an individuals introspective sense or concept of her/himself, as in being at peace in ones own mind, as found in European references from c. 1200. The early English term is also used in the sense of quiet, reflecting calm, serene, and pensive approaches to family or group relationships that avoid quarreling and seek tranquility an absence of disturbance or agitation.In many languages the word for peace is also used a greeting or a farewell, for example the Hawaiian word Aloha, as well as the Arabic word salaam. In English the word peace is occasionally used as a farewell, especially for the dead, as in the phrase Rest In Peace. Buddhists believe that peace can be succeed once all suffering ends. They regard all suffering as stemming from cravings (in the extreme, greed), aversions (fears), or delusions. To eliminate such sufferin g and achieve ersonal peace, followers in the channel of the Buddha adhere to a set of teachings called the Four Noble Truths a central tenet in Buddhist philosophy. Islam means submission. Muslim, etymologically directly related to salaam and the distinguish Islam, means a person who submits to Allah in salaam. citation needed Submission to Allah is based on humility. An attitude of humility within ones own self cannot be accomplished without keep down rejection of violence, and a personal attitude and alignment toward peace.

The Writings of Shakespeare and Donne Essay Example for Free

The Writings of Shakespeargon and Donne EssayThe poems from William Shakespeare and John Donne that interest me are Shall I compare thee to a summers day and The flea. One of the main reason that I am writing ab disc pull back these two poems are because they are the only ones that I know of because that is what we talked about in class and I have never read poetry in my life. Poetry has ceaselessly been elusive for me to read because of my mild case of dyslexia. I have to read the sentence a couple of times before I finally figure out what the writer is arduous to say.Obviously I have heard of Shakespeare before and knew about his works that included Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, Macbeth, and Julius Caesar. What I didnt know was how successful and influential his poetry was. But unlike William Shakespeare, I have never heard about John Donne until the lecture a few days ago. After interlingual rendition the two poems I believe that there are human beingy similarities and diffe rences in the style that both of these poets write. In Shall I compare thee to a summers day by William Shakespeare I certainly feel that the author is addressing a cleaning lady with whom he is truly in love.This is purveyed to me by the two strong disruption lines, Shall I compare thee to a summers day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate. Shakespeare starts the sonnet off with how strongly he loves this woman and then goes on to say Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summers lease hath all to short a date sometimes too hot the eye of heaven shines Shakespeare is saying that even though he loves her, she is still not perfect.Afterwards he goes on to say, But thy unadulterated summer shall not fade, Nor lose possession of that fair thou owst which he is saying that her youth will not fade and that her beauty will always remain with her for the rest of her life. It ends with So long as men undersurface breathe, or eyes can see, So long live ons this, and this gives life to thee. He is trying to say that as long as people are alive on the Earth, his feelings towards this woman will never change and will allow her to live forever. A poem we have studied and which also focuses on a similar situation to that of Shall I compare thee to a summers day is The flea by John Donne.In it he goes on to say that the flea has sucked both of their bloods and how they are now mingled together. He says, This flea is you and I, and this Our marriage bed and marriage temple is The man in the story believes that he and the woman are one with the flea and if she decides to kill the flea she would be killing the marriage between them. The poem ends with, Tis true then peck how false fears be Just so oft honor, when thou yieldst to me, Will waste, as this fleas death took life from thee.This means that if she were to sleep with him, she would lose no more honor than she lost when she killed the flea. The similarities between The flea and Shall I compare thee to a summers day are not quite as numerous as the differences. One of the main similarities is that both of the main characters are in love with a woman, even their love seems to be the opposite of from each one other. There are legion(predicate) differences in the way that Shakespeare and Donne write. Shakespeare is more in your face I guess you would say. He doesnt use as much trickery as Donne does in his sonnet and is a lot easier to understand in my opinion.The tone in Shall I compare thee to a summers day seems to be more upbeat than in The flea. How Donne uses a flea and blood in his sonnet makes it seem more ominous. As you can see, they are many similarities and differences in the way that William Shakespeare and John Donne write in Shall I compare thee to a summers day and The Flea. Both of these poets had a long relentless impact upon Western Civilization and helped influence the English language all around the world. If someday I become hooked to reading poetry, I ca n look back and know these two poems are what got me addicted.

Virtual Supermarket Technology: Advantages and Disadvantages

Virtual Supermarket Technology Advantages and DisadvantagesAdvantages of Hybermarket TechnologyVirtual metro StoreVirtual subway stores dumbfounds shop easier and saves time. For the point of make shopping easier and simple is clients undersurface scan the barcode from any product they have at hand to place an order for one. It is easier for the customer to reorder food and office supplies that ran taboo of them, instead of having to remember to put it on a list, for a future trip to the store. The customer can number the product by setting the saving time and location when they make the payment.retailer set retail kiosks with life-size images of real product introductions, placed in high-traffic areas like subway stations, which ordain be attacking the customer while they are waiting around. Its serving as an advertisement for the retailer. However, it can also save lots of money for the retailer, which they would have been expenditure open a real store.Card Scanning Techno logyCard scanning engineering is more secure. This simple engineering has increased the level of poster security. It uses encryption and authentication technology which has increased the level of circular security associated with payment cards. The microprocessor chip embedded at the heart of the smart card requires conflict to the card reader and certain areas of the chip can be programmed for specific industries. Next, save to transport. Having the cards gives the holder the ability to carry larger amounts of money. It can trim down the problem of stolen money. Once cards had been stolen, it is nearly impossible to recoer it because it require the pin number of the cards. It can avoid the long queue. Card scanning technology just needs a few seconds to complete the payment, it gives the customer a fast and simple shopping experience.Intelligent retail and purchasesAdvantage of intelligent retail and purchase is it help customer found the stuff faster and easier. This type of technology include the location of each stuff, after customer key in the stuff system go out come come forth the location that the stuff placed, can give the route to the stuff. Next, customer can list the stuff that they extremity before they go to the hypermarket. It is a good habit of plan before shopping. It can avoid buying the stuff that not really wants. to a fault that, the technology of intelligent retail and purchase allow for show that the furtherance of the hypermarket. It can attract the customer to visit the hypermarket and able to help the customer to find out the latest promotion product. Last but not least, intelligent retail and purchase can also give the suggestion or notification of promotion of customer favorable. The system of the technology had record the purchase of the customer, so system can depend of the previous purchases then come out the suggestion.Touch hiding PurchasingAdvantage of link imbue purchasing is fast and simple purchasing. This tec hnology only need the customer to stay in front of the touch natural covering kiosk of the hypermarket, key in the name of the product, select the brand of item that they want, after that customer can get the product after they pay. It can save the time of searching for item placed and the difference price of the similar product. Customer can get the information though the touch screen kiosk. Technology of touch screen purchasing is in truth easy to use. Customer only need to key in the stuff that they want, after that kiosk will come out the information of the product. No any soulfulnessal device needed, so its also easily for everyone to use the technology.Disadvantages of Hypermarket TechnologyDisadvantage of realistic subway store is may late delivery. In the concept of virtual subway store, delivery places an important role. Customer will get the product by using delivery. If the delivery company suddenly comes out issue, for example weather, soulal factor and so on, it wil l affect the time of deliver. Next, virtual shopping vogue might elevate the case of returning product. Since customer does not seem the actual product that they will get, it is unable to make sure that the product is in good conditions before they purchase. Additional fees like shipping will be hidden until the late of the checkout process was a disadvantage of virtual subway order. Sometimes retailer was hidden the cost of shipping fees, in order to get more attractive of customer. When the customer almost finishes the order they only get that they need to pay the shipping fees as well.The disadvantage of card scanning technology is easily lost. Because of the card are small, it is easily lost the card if the person are irresponsible. If lost the card, it will be very inconvenience, because a card may have double or more uses. The process of register some other card it take many procedure, it is very trouble to the user. Next, Possible Risk of Identify Theft. While if use the c ard collect, it make the job of bearing person more easier. However, for criminals seeking a new identity, they are like gold, based on the amount of information it can contain on an individual.Unnecessary Surveys will be provided after shopping is the disadvantage of the intelligent retail and purchases. Due to the system of this technology, the survey will be provided before customer go out. Retailer always seeks for improvement for their business in order to maintain the customer, and find out the way that increase loyalty customer. Next, intelligent retail and purchase are too dependent on agile device. Hypermarket can only use the mobile device to connect the hypermarket system connection. It required the customer have the mobile devices and also application to connect with the hypermarket system. While for those who are not match to the system connection they are unable to use the technology.Disadvantage of touch screen purchasing is low hiding. Customer personal informatio n may be seems by large screen kiosk. When customer stands in front of the kiosk devising purchase, someone maybe stand behind them, so that they will saw the personal information of the customer. Lost the delight of shopping. Some of customers is more likely to ravish searching the product, touch and feel the product. So when the hypermarket become advance, customer do not have the delight of shopping. For touch screen purchasing, its also need customer go out to the hypermarket to buy the stuff themselves. It just provides the kiosk to select the product to save the customer time for find the stuff placed. writ of execution disputesThe main challenge of many retailer is retailer have to implement technology into existing stores to become multichannel. Such as smart screens, in-store tablets and the use of near-field communications (NCF) for contactless payments. Besides that, implementation challenge by using virtual subway store is good mobile connective is required. The order takes by virtual subway mode by using mobile to scan the barcode of the product. But in real life, there is no all people are practiced with the mobile function.Implementation challenge of card scanning technology is slow adoption. If used as a payment card, not every store or restaurant will have the hardware necessary to use these cards. One of the reasons for this is since the technology is more secure, it is also more expensive to produce and use. Therefore, some stores may charge a basic minimum fee for using smart cards for payment, rather than cash.The challenge of intelligent retailer and purchase is not everyone have mobile device. It is very hard for the hypermarket to implement this system while some of the customer does not have the mobile devices or application. In order to set up the system, it needs the accurate data. The data have to been set at the factory, and it was costly.Touch Screen purchasing implementation challenge is set up cost. Hypermarket need to set up lot of touch screen kiosk at the hypermarket. The cost of set up kiosk is expensive. This type of technology is only save the place of display of the product. Its also need to keep the inventory of all the product that they sell. The inventory costs are high for this technology.Security IssuesFor the secure issue, customer should always reflexion for the address-bar padlock symbol. Look for the address-bar padlock symbol. A webpage should always beSecure Sockets Layer(SSL)-encrypted when plan to use credit card information to shop. SSL encryption ensures privacy by restricting the computers that can access the data being transferred, limiting access to user and the online retailer exclusively. Next, never give out credit card number over email. Legitimate retailers will never ask for credit card information or other sensitive personal details over email. The only time that needs to give the information of credit card is when you are on an SSL-encrypted webpage operated by a truste d retailer. If shopping on a mobile device, stick to apps you know. Mobile shopping presents its own set of security issues, it is better for us to use apps that came directly from retailers, and to make purchases inside those apps.Lastly, never make purchases over public, for example unsecured WIFI. It could leave your personal information at risk.Integrating security practices across agencies, a task requiring collaboration among separate and discordant internal organizations achieving smart card interoperability across the government and maintaining the security of smart card systems and the privacy of personal information. According to Worku (2010), e-payment and e-banking applications represent a security challenge as they highly depend oncritical ICT systems that create vulnerabilities in financial institutions, businesses and potentiallyharm customersCustomer information is set in the mobile, so when they lost the mobile, personal information will be disclosed. Next, the sys tem of the technology is having the data of customer purchases record. They can simply send the annoying promotion subject matter to the customer and also sell the customer purchase record to the other industry.Customer personal information display in the touch screen kiosk. wager parties will easily to get the information for immoral purpose. It is very danger for the customer. Beside that customer should know their right. Consumers are required to write a physical letter within 60 days detailing any complaint to the retailer, with a return receipt acting as proof that the creditor received the letter.The Federal hatful Commission provides an example letter, so all you need to do is fill in the blanks with your information.

Analysis of Mobile Telecommunications Industry

summary of unsettled Telecommunications IndustryContents commercialise Analysis and enquiry Plan (Word Count 912) merchandiseing Research PlanCompetitorsMarket trendsSTEP AnalysisStrategic Analysis and tributes (Word Count 1117)2.1 SWOT2.2 Portfolio psychoanalysis2.3 Growth Strategy RecommendationsMarket Segmentation, Targeting and PositioningBibliographyAppendicesMarketing Analysis and Research PlanMarketing research planThe brief is to conduct an analytical survey into the Mobile telecommunications manufacture as a go/ earnings provider in order to judge feasibility. After recent tuitions of Tescos entering the Mobile rally industry as a service/network provider, Asda argon likewise keen to explore and check up with Tescos in this respect also.Using secondary research we will first look into the Mobile telecommunications industry. This learning will then be analysed from a fraternity perspective, followed by recommendations.1.2 CompetitorsInformation cited in this sect ion has been adapted from MarketLine (2005). In appendix 1 (section 6), I defend elaborated on the information given in this section.O2O2 is a peregrine communications service provider operating in the UK, Ireland and Europe. O2 birth 19 one thousand one thousand thousand customers within just about of the biggest consumer foodstuffs for mobile operate.SWOT analysisStrengths arduous presence in the UK market.WeaknessesSmall scale European operations competitors argon better placed. everyplace reliance on UK market.OpportunitiesWell placed for 3G expansion.ThreatsDeclining penetration and saturation of voice service.Overexposure to UK market adverse effect of unforeseen market challenges.Impact of formula. O2 operates in exceedingly regulated markets.Hutchinson (3G) UK3G is a mobile multimedia company focused mainly on the providing 3G (third-generation) mobile communication work in the UK.StrengthsFirst mover advantage. trammel with severalise brands.Parent company su pport.Weaknesses miserable presence in the wireless market.Low average taxations per user.OpportunitiesFocus on sate.Booming mobile gaming market. better 3G market.ThreatsRapid technological change.Increasing competition.Threat from other technological products.OrangeOrange is a mobile telecoms service provider with over 44 one thousand thousand customers in 22 countries worldwide. Orange is one of the worlds, and is UKs, largest mobile communications companies.StrengthsGlobal brand strength.Launch of OrangeWorld/Signature thinks.Large subscriber base and bullocky subscription process.Weaknesses dependent on data for growth.France Telecom buyout.Cost cutting could damage reputation.OpportunitiesWAP capabilityInvestment in new applied science.3G and Push to talk.Increase average annual revenue per user.ThreatsStrong competition.Health risks and government legislation.Market saturation in Europe.T-MobileT-Mobile is a market leader in mobile communication technology operating by and large in Europe and US. The company is now realizing large profits, and at the end of year end of 2004 achieved record revenue of E25 one million million.StrengthsStrong backing of parent company.Strong alliances.Strong financial growth.WeaknessesDecreasing average revenue per user.Lack of presence in game growth markets.OpportunitiesMost of T-Mobiles opportunities lye global markets, such as the growth in worldwide mobile subscriptions and the freemove alliance.Rise in demand for 3G/UMTS technology.ThreatsSlowdown in the UK economyGrowing consolidation and competition.VodafoneVodafone is a communications company with business enterprise interests in 42 countries worldwide. The company make a net loss of 7,540 million during fiscal year 2005, compared to 9,015 million net loss in 2004.Strengths lead position.Global brand strength.Growth of Vodafone LiveWeaknessesHigh debt.OpportunitiesGrowth with 3G.Increase ARPU.Threatsincrease competition.Market saturation in Europe.Health risks and government legislation.1.3 Market Trends whole the information cited on a lower floor, unless mentioned otherwise, has been taken from Datamonitor, Wireless Telecommunications Services in the United Kingdom, July 2005.Market ValueUKs wireless communications market r apieceed a value of 9.8 billion in 2004. Although the value of the market has change magnitude, the growth of the market hasnt been so capitalizing on the previous long time. I think this is due to the naughtyly competitive nature of the market, and saturation. Also, this high market value is on the back of some very strong economic performance by the UK.Market VolumeThe market exudes high market penetration. Linking this to the Market Value, it can be seen that Market Value fell in 2003 and 2004 due to fewer subscribers. One striking thing about this statistic is that the UKs population is 59.2 million (Mintel Telecommunications Retailing UK May 2004). This indicates that most(prenominal) of the UK popu lation already subscribe to mobile services. Hence a near fully saturated market.Market SegmentationMarket Share by earningsIn order to view the above hedge much clearly, I have extrapolated the information into a pie chart belowThe industry is exceedingly competitive. The market share (by volume) is very equal. It faces that the market is at an equilibrium.Market share by ValueCall revenues (consumer expenditure on calls etc) by mobile network, 2003Source Mintel Telecommunications Retailing UK May 2004Again, the full industry is at more or less at an equilibrium albeit very competitive.1.4 STEP analysis of Mobile telecommunications industrySocialAccording to Mintel, Telecommunications Retailing UK May 2004 research, overall population of 15-24 year olds is set to reduce. This means that the scope of potential new customers is extremely low. Focus will have to be mainly on customer retention, and prizing customers away from competitors. However the young consumer does now see a mobile speech sound as essential in every day life.Technological3G technology is the main source of change in this market. The younger market does however search to embrace new technologies. It is now hoped that new technologies will further stimulate demand.EconomicDue to the recent boom economy, Mintel reports that the population as a whole is becoming more affluent and more affluent phone users spend more on mobile phone services. The below table illustrates thisUK socio-economic groupings of adults, 1998, 2003 and 2007 (proj)199820032007 (proj)% change000%000%000%1998-2007AB9,77320.811,88324.613,37027.1+36.8C112,99027.613,37127.714,06228.5+8.2C210,30521.99,84920.49,24118.7-10.3D8,43717.98,36517.38,28016.8-1.9E5,50411.74,7919.94,3448.8-21.1Total47,010100.048,260100.049,297100.0+4.9SOURCE National Statistics/MintelUK has been on in an economic boom period since 1998 with low inflation and interest rates. This has meant that mortgage and add costs will be cheap, hence con sumers have higher disposable income. The economy now however seems to be slowing down, this means that new services and technologies organism offered to consumers will be less accepted.Political/legalMobile handsets give off radiation and various electronic/micro waves. The health implications of this is non quite clear. The mobile phone and service providers have strict international guidelines to adhere to because of this. at that place are also concerns in regards to mobile phone masts being erected close to residential areas, as the effects of these to locals and the environment is also non clear. These issues and the market being very competitive, saturated and an oligopoly, may lead to further regulation and government involvement in the future.Strategic Analysis and recommendationsSWOT AnalysisStrengthsDespite picking up sales in the past 4 years, Asda have face up slower sales in 2005. Nevertheless, Asda enjoys a firm customer base that has seen Asda overtake Sainsbury s in the ranking of leading supermarkets in the U.K.Asda in shopping mall is a multinational company through Wal-marts ventures in Mexico, Puerto Rico and Canada. As one of the first businesses to recognise the importance of cutting edge systems and economies of scale, which have allowed them to keep prices low, from which consumers have gained greatly. However, Asda has managed to keep its distinct identity separate from its parent company.Asda have been gradually expanding their stores demonstrating their plans to provide consumers with the biggest choice of goods ranging from everyday groceries, to non-food products such as clothing, and small electricals. impertinent many other supermarket brands, Asda have focused their efforts in stand-alone non-food formats.At group level, Wal-Marts performance over the past five years has been consistently outstanding. With sales growing by 46.8% over the period. , The growth comes on the back of 19.9% increase in store numbers, suggesting healthy underlying performance. The companys price-competitiveness has undoubtedly been driving sales. Another primal factor, highlighted by Asda in 2004 is the expansion to non-foods, including the well-received clothing label George.WeaknessesAsda has seen an unusually high number of changes at the top management level. This has caused uncertainty over how the company is engage which in turn has had an effect on its sales. However, it should be noted that in the case of Asda, most of the top men had been with the company for a number of years before taking the lead, which should have helped the transition.The companys much publicised price promise has not helped the companys revenues. Increased competition has created down struggled pressure on the supermarket industry. The price war between Tesco and Asda has impacted heavily on both companies, however, it would appear Asda have felt the effects of this much more than Tesco.In more recent times, and perchance more seriously, the company have failed to meet sales expectation in the three-month period ending in October, when its market share had also failed to improve.OpportunitiesThe company has faced criticism for its destructive seafood policies of all the UK supermarkets. Report published by Greenpeace states thats Asda sells 13 species of threatened fish. This does not help the companys image in todays environment, where consumers are more environmentally conscious and healthy lifestyle society.In terms of the mobile industry and the possibility of entering the mobile telecommunications market, the spare capacity that has resulted from huge infrastructure enthronization has created opportunities for companies wishing to set up as practical(prenominal) network operators (MVNOs).The market leading operators can sell their spare capacity to MVNOs, whom maybe in a better position to win over certain customer sectors. It is better for an operator to lose customers to MVNO that is using its network than to a market-leading rival.The wide range of suffice and service made possible by 3G technology and converging technologies has created excellent opportunities for operators to put together compelling propositions tailored for different customer sectors, rather than relying on one-size-fits-all approach.ThreatsRise in demand for organically grown produce has resulted in loss of revenues for all of the supermarkets, losing their custom to smaller independent grocers and farm shops.Wireless fidelity (WiFi) and its successor WiMax pose dangers for 3G operators as they are able to capture a significant part of the wireless giganticband market by enabling users to download data at faster speeds and provide a much cheaper service than breathing products. Going into an industry, which has yet to settle, would be a risk that has to be taken under consideration.As the market has become more saturated it has become more difficult for the main operators to achieve revenue growth from voice calls. Increased competition and the additional capacity created by the 3G networks have raised the prospect of a damaging price war on voice minutes. Operators must root for new customers to 3G however, this will lead to alienating users of 2G mobile phones, and cutting revenue obtained from this.The MVNOs that are differentiating themselves on price and offering a no-frills service are vulnerable when the major operators cut the cost of voice calls in order to gain market share in the 3G environment.Portfolio Analysis a lot of Asdas estate development is change state towards expanding in the non-foods offer. The company introduced optician centres, pharmacies photo centres and jewellery departments in its stores as recorded in march 2005.Asda clothing range George currently has 6 stand-alone stores, which have been introduced since 2003.A full-service Asda Superstore typically carries some 30,000 products. Of these some 60% are food items. In addition to the usual branded goods, Asda stocks a strong own-brand offer. However, sales of organic food are booming and shoppers are increasingly spurning supermarkets to buy produce directly from growers and independent retailers.The company has also introduced a finance service in order diversify into other industries. The services include home, motor and pet insurance, along with trust funds and credit card induction also available.BCG matrix for the food industry10* Non-foods* Organic foodsMarket growth* Asda living* Store Clothing rangeFinancial Services*02.0 0Relative market shareGrowth Strategy and RecommendationsAnsoffs MatrixProductPresent NewPresentOrganic foodsMarketNew Non-foods Mobile communicationsoperatorFrom the BCG matrix, we can see that there are 2 groups of products, which have room to be developed in order to generate more revenues. With the increase in demand for organic foods, Asda is in a position to be able to introduce a larger selection of organic foods. Much greater promotion of organic needs to take place if the company is to bring back lost consumers from local and independent food producers.Asda can also promote its non-foods range to a greater extent, however, it maybe possible for the company to promote its non-food products to a different market, perhaps to rival Ikea in the home products market.In light of Tescos entry in to the mobile communications market, diversifying to a different market may also help improve Asda revenue. With Asdas main focus on its non-foods range, moving into the mobile communications market maybe more suited to Asda policy of expanding its non-food section. Asda already has experience in moving in to industry to which is not initially been related, as we have seen Asda clothing range George, has enjoyed relative success despite strong competition from more established high street retailers.The mobile communications market will however pose very different problem, as this is a fast moving industry, with technological innovations lea ding the way. In a saturated industry, it will be difficult for Asda to be competitive against the more established network operators, but network space available through virtual networks, now is likely to be the best time to enter the mobile communications industry. In addition, it maybe more viable for Asda, if more resources are concentrated on attracting consumers to a 3G service which will provide a more level playing field as the 3G services are still relatively new to the market.Market Segmentation, Targeting and PositioningMarket segmentation, targeting and positioningVodafoneThe Vodafone group has the largest share of the corporate mobile communications market with around 15 million customers. The company offers a wide range of voice and data communications. The Vodafone 2G/2.5G covers 99% of the population. Vodafone was the first mobile operator to introduce international roaming service. linchpin segmentsThe mobile communications industry has two main types of customers. These are consumers and business users.The volume of the mobile phones costs are met by users themselves, mainly using the mobile phone service for ain calls. With the existence of a number of leading companies with in the market, the market place has become saturated. The trend now is to concentrate their efforts on retaining their most valued customers. Vodafone along with other leading operators, require consumers to spend more money on non-voice services and have become increasingly engrossed with levels of average revenue per user.There are several areas within the consumer group, which accounts for a large share of the revenue generated by Vodafone. Mintel have reported that the group of 15-24 year old mobile phone users are set to rise.Mobile phones are grouchyly popular among 15-24-year-olds, and Mintels consumer research section demonstrates that consumers in this age band are motivated by style. These younger consumers are familiar with mobile phone technology and are willing to adapt to new skills and habits as the new technology appears. Their social lives tend to be very active, making the mobile phone a necessity for them and they are also viewed as a necessary fashion accessory.The ownership of mobile phones demonstrates the areas in which Vodafone should be looking to concentrate their efforts in order to generate revenues from voice and data transmissions.Ownership of mobile phones, by gender and age, 7-19s, 20031Base youths aged 7-19AllMalesFemales7 to 1011 to 1415 to 19%%%%%%Own mobile666369257791 divided mobile444741None30342768208 school text messaging666370267791Games575361226479Taken from the TGI youthfulness survey of 5859 youths aged 7-19Income generated from voice and data transmission services delivered to companies and other organisations is an increasingly vital revenue stream for Vodafone and most mobile operators in general. Vodafone has recognize that in present day climate of highly competitive business environment, effic ient communication is a key factor, which must be developed in order for a mobile operator to gain a competitive edge over its rivals.The importance of business customers can be demonstrated by looking at the levels of expenditure on business advertising. In the year ending September 2004, around 14.4m was spent2. Even though this is nothing when compared to the summation spent on consumer advertising, the big players such as Vodafone and O2 have gradually increased their spending to attract business customers while Orange and T-Mobile are tardily following suit.Targeting strategiesCurrently, the market leaders in the mobile communications are all competing for the same customers, employing similar tariffs and services so as not to stemma behind its rivals.With the introduction of the 3G networks, many of the mobile operators have also introduced 3G tariffs on to their respective networks. Even though new technology is continuously being developed, the targets for each of the mob ile operators remain as it is. In general, there are no specialist tariffs which concentrate on a particular area of the market with the ejection of the business tariffs which are designed to provide efficient and reliable communication service to businesses.Some mobile operators provide tariffs, which can be considered, for a particular group, however, this is not an area, which can be considered as a specialist group. T-mobile for example have recently introduced the Best of Both Worlds tariff, and even though this may seem ideal for younger users of mobile phones, the tariff is appealing to many who desire more complete control over the cost of the service they use.PositioningWith the majority of mobile phone operators providing a similar service with similar tariffs, it is reasonably difficult to evaluate the positioning of the respective brands in the market. Regardless of this, there are factors, which influence consumers when deciding which network to choose. A list of the f actors influencing the choice of networks is shown belowMost important factors when choosing a mobile phone network (% of adults), 20043Tariffs 31.9 internet reporting 21.1Reception 17.2Personal experience 9.8Special offers 8.3Company reputation 7.5Recommendation 6.6Additional services offered 4.4Advertising 0.8Using the lowest price plan and the service available on that plan offered by each of the leading mobile operator companies, we are able to look at the brand positioning of the Vodafone in comparison to its major rivals.Perceptual map for mobile operator marketHigh price* Orange* O2High service Low service* T-mobile * VodafoneLow priceAlthough the position of Vodafone at a glance does not appear to be desirable, Vodafone boasts an extremely high level of network coverage, reception, and a level of customer service, which is rivalled only by Orange. Vodafone has a reputation as a global company, and is the worlds largest telecommunications company, which provide a whole range of services. Vodafone was the first of the four largest networks to launch its 3G consumer services in November 2004 and continues to be one of the leading innovators in terms of providing the latest products, which are accessible to a large sector of the market.The Vodafone brand is recognised through out the developed world and has since enjoyed a reputation for representing quality of product and service. The Vodafone shops all trade under the same corporate brand and logo. Its chain of some 350 stores has remained roughly the same size for the last two years, although many of the smaller shop units have been abandoned in favour of larger premises. The stores have a strong corporate identity, featuring the red and white livery of the brand.Vodafone has strong and consistent retail branding and in Mintels research Vodafone was mentioned by 8% of consumers as a source of their last mobile phone, placing them just behind Orange. Vodafone is the only retailer to achieve significantl y higher penetration among 15-19s than for other age bands, probably machine-accessible to its high profile role in sports sponsorship. The companys long-standing in the market means that it is well used by a wide range of consumers from a broad spread of age and social groups.The Vodafone shops sell handsets that can only operate on Vodafone tariffs. Vodafone are in general up to date with the latest technology and handsets accompanied by a large range of accessories.Market SegmentsAccording to a market report on Mobile Phones by Key Notes in 2005, the Mobile telecommunications industry can be separated into two main sectors, which can be then further segmented face of revenue, and Type of customer.Type of RevenueThis relates to how a customer uses a mobile phone. This can be calls and fixed charges, text and hand over messaging, or interconnection fees (for when a call is made from one service provider to another). The below table illustrates the revenue of each segment. Mobile operators are now expanding and looking to earn more from the text and picture messaging sector in particular, with the advent of 3G.The UK Cellular Telecommunications Market by Revenue Source by value (m)1999/20002000/20012001/20022002/20032003/2004Value (m)Retail RevenuesCalls and fixed Charges5,0496,2537,0417,9919,185 textual matter and picture messaging1265531,0731,5291,854Connection fees765664245Total retail revenues5,2516,8628,1789,54411,044Source The UK Telecommunications industry Market Information, Office of Telecommunications (oftel)/ Key Note Mraket Report 2005, Mobile PhonesType of customerCustomer type can be of 2 kinds Business user or Consumer. Business users generally use voice calls, and have to pay fixed charges. Consumers on the other hand are a lot more varied, they contribute to all 3 of the segments mentioned above.Buyer BehaviorSurvey by BMRB Internationals Target Group Index (TGI) 2004, suggests that Mobile phones are primarily owned by younger consumers, w ith more than 80% of under 55 year olds owning mobile phones. It is also reported that Pay-as-you-go (PAYG) is the more popular than pay-monthly or contract services, especially among the lower income earners (those below social come out C2). Males are more likely to have fixed monthly contract phones, and the reverse in true for PAYG.The below table indicates that the type, value or content of the tariff mainly affects consumers choice of network, followed by network coverage and signal/reception.1st 2nd most important factors when chosing a Mobile Phone Network (% of adults), 2004Most important2nd Most importantAddittional service offered4.45.4Advertising0.85.3Company reputation7.56.7Network coverage21.110.8Personal experience9.86.8Reception17.213.5Recommendation6.68Special offers8.39Tariffs31.914.2Source Target Group Index (TGI), BMRB International Ltd, 2004Again, BMRB Internationals Target Group Index (TGI) 2004, suggests that phones are mainly used for text messaging, and gam es.Competitor Strategy and Positioning of 02 (mm02 PLC)O2O2 is a mobile communications service provider operating in the UK, Ireland and Europe, who generated 4.8 billion of revenue in 2003.Business definition O2 have 19 million customers within some of the biggest consumer markets for mobile services. 02 is now a well-established and profitable business. They are now looking to expand their product portfolio horizontally, exploiting existing distribution channels and new product opportunities. This could well prove to take investment and focus off/away from its main business which is the mobile services provider.Revenue analysis O2s turnover increased by 22% from 2003 to 2004. The main reason for the increase was the overall rise in subscriber numbers and the increased usage of the Groups services by subscribers.Competitor StrategyO2 have reduced there employee base by 3000 to 12000 employees through restructuring. And achieved an increase of one million customers in the 2003/04 f inancial year. In 2004/05 O2 have developed and moved into 3G network services, which enables them to offer high-speed streaming of videos and other multi media.O2s strategy has focused on three key areas improved operating performance managing businesses cohesively and leading in mobile data services.Within the market, 02 are expected to continue to look to acquire and retain high value customers.Companies are forever trying to increase the ARPU (average revenue per user). This has led to heavier targeting and strategies, creating more services and getting consumers to use them, i.e. OrangeWorld and VodafoneLivePositioningAll the mobile phone networks look to offer a wide range of services, and position themselves in the market to cater for all. Companies need to maximize their revenue potential in a highly competitive and ever saturating market. The below tables will help me position the mobile phone companies in a perceptual map.1st 2nd most important factors when chosing a Mob ile Phone Network (% of adults), 2004Most important2nd Most importantAddittional service offered4.45.4Advertising0.85.3Company reputation7.56.7Network coverage21.110.8Personal experience9.86.8Reception17.213.5Recommendation6.68Special offers8.39Tariffs31.914.2Source Target Group Index (TGI), BMRB International Ltd, 2004The above table shows what consumers look for in a network.Mobile phone users, year to April 1999-2003 and Q1 2004Year to April199920012003Q1 2003/04% changem%m%M%m%1999-2004Vodafone7.932.913.228.012.12

Diketo Analogues and Their Significance

Diketo Analogues and Their SignificanceINTRODUCTIONMedicinal chemistry is the branch of science, which has remarkable value for synthesis of novel drugs with intense healthful natural action. It concerns with discovery, development, designation and interpretation of mode of action of biologically mobile compounds at molecular level.The molecular biological revolution and progressive mapping of human genome have created a new biochemical and biostructural world order.1These developments have provided new challenges and opportunities for drug research in general and drug design in particular. Pure entire compounds, natural or synthetic products are the chief source of agents for the cure, the mitigation or the prevention of disease today. The major objectives of the medicinal chemists are transformation of pathobiochemical and physiological data into a chemical language with the aim of designing molecules interacting specifically with the derailed or degenerating processes in the diseased organisms.The development of chemotherapy during past 60 years even out one of most important therapeutic advances in history of medicine and antimicrobic drugs are the greatest contribution of present century to therapeutics2. Potential therapeutic targets are being disclosed with increasing frequency and the exponential growth will continue during the next decades.In this situation there is a indispensableness for rapid and effective target validation and for accelerated lead discovery procedures. organic fertiliser chemists are increasingly directing their attention towards synthetic aspects of biomolecules and biologically active compounds, biosynthesized by plants and animals.Many important biochemical compounds and drugs of natural origin contain heterocyclic ring structures. Many of them are employed in treatment of more infectious diseases due to their specific activity, but their use in treatment is attributed to their inherent toxicity to various pathogens.D IKETO ANALOGUES AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCEAntibacterialThe quinolones3 are well know synthetic antibacterial agents with di keto moiety some examples are Ciprofloxacin (1) Norfloxacin (2).Boteva4 et al synthesized some Halogen Substituted 4,5-dibenzoyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrrole-2,3-dione derivatives (2-6) evaluated for Antibacterial Activity.Anti HIVThe first report of a company of compounds that inhibit HIV integrase appeared in 1992. Aurin tricarboxylic acids and derivatives were determined to inhibit 3 processing of viral cDNA with moderate iC50 values of 10-50micromolar.Thus the 1st pharmacophore with integrase inhibitory activity was determined i.e. aromatic rings with multiple hydroxyl substituents positioned on same ring or present close together in a 3D space if rings stack on top of each other. Since then considerable amount of work has been carried out in developing potential drop inhibitors of integrase victorious the above compounds as leads.Presently there is only one FDA ap proved drug used as integrase inhibitor i.e. Raltegravir or Isentress, (7) approved in 2007. Elvitegravir (8) is another potential integrase inhibitor which is in phase III clinical trial5.THIOPHENE ANALOGS AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCEThiophene (9) and its derivatives are an important class of heterocyclic compounds possessing broad biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory6, analgesic6, antioxidant7, antitubercular8, antidepressant9, sedative9, antiamoebic10, oral analgesic11, antimetabolite12, and cancer drug properties13.AntimicrobialsThiophene analogues have been known as antibacterials. In the year 2007 Stephane et al14 reported the synthesis and antibacterial activity of arylbenzothiophenes (10) and diarylthiophenes. (11)(10) (11)In the year 2010 Kavitha P N et al15 reported the antimicrobial activity of 3- amino-2- mercapto-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobenzo(b)thieno2,3-dpyrimidin-4(3H)-ones (12-17) by utilise B. subtilus, K. pneumonia and A. niger.Desai Akshay et al16 reported the s ynthesis of 2-thiophene-2- ethylthioureido-4- morpholino-6-(aryl) ureido-s-triazines.(18-23) These analogs were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity using S. typhi, C. albicans.Bhuiyan Md. Mosharef Hossain et al17 reported synthesis of 4-hydrazino-2- mehylthio-5-ethyl-6- methylthieno 2,3-d pyrimidine (24) which is evaluated as antimicrobial agent by using B.cereus, V.cholerae, A.alternate.(24)Shiradkar M. et al18 reported synthesis of N-3-(substituted)-7H- 1,2,4 triazolo 3,4-b 1,3,4 thiadiazine / thiadiazol-4,5,6,7- tetrahydrobenzob thiophenes (25-32) as good antimicrobial agents by using E.coli, S.aureus, A.nigar.Ahmed M. M. et al19 reported synthesis of 4-(substituted)-7-cyano- 6-phenyl aminothieno 3,2-d pyrimidins (33-34) and evaluated as good antimicrobial agents by using B.subtilis and St.aureus, compared with eccentric drug Amoxicillin.The 6-methyl-2-phenyl-3-(substituted)-3H-thieno3,2-d pyrimidin-4-ones (35-38) has been reported by Chander Mohan et al20 and evaluated f or antimicrobial activity by using B. subtilis, E.coli, P.aeruginosa compared with standard drug Ciprofloxacin.Bhuiyan Md. Mosharef Hossain et al21 reported synthesis of thieno3,2-e imidazo1,2-c pyrimidin-2(3H)ones (39) which was evaluated for antimicrobial activity against B. cereus, S.typhi and A.alternatacompare to reference drugs ampicillin with Nystatin.(39)Shetty Nitin kumar et al22 reported synthesis of 8,9,10,11-tetrahydro1benzothieno3,2-e 1,2,4triazolo 1,5- cpyrimidine -8-ones (40-42) and evaluated for antibacterial activity against B. subtilis comparable to ampicilin.References Larsen PK, Liljefors T, Madsen U, editors. Text book of drug design and discovery. 3rd ed. London Taylor Francis 2002.Rang HP, Dale MM, Ritter JM Pharmacology, 4th edition Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, 1999 648Wilson Gisvold, Textbook of Organic Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 10th edition, Lippincott publication Philadelpia 196-203.A.A Boteva, O. P. Krasnykh, S.S.Dubrovina, M. I. Vakh rin, E.B. Babushkina, T.F. Odegova, I.V. Solova, Pharm Chem J , 2008, 42 (8), 12-15.Vincenzo Summa AlessiaPetrocchi, Fabio Bonelli, BenedettaCrescenzi, Monica Donghi, Marco Ferrara, Fabrizio Fiore, Cristina Gardelli, Odalys Gonzalez Paz, Daria J. Hazuda, Philip Jones, Olaf Kinzel, Ralph Laufer, Edith Monteagudo, Ester Muraglia, EmanuelaNizi, Federica Orvieto, Paola Pace, Giovanna Pescatore, Rita Scarpelli, Kara Stillmock, Marc V. Witmer, and Michael Rowley, J. Med. Chem. 2008, 51, 58435855.F.M. Moghaddam, H.Z. Boinee, An efficient and facile one-step synthesis of highly substituted thiophenes, Tetrahedron 60 (2004) 6085-6089.K.I. Molvi, M. Mansuri, V. Sudarsanam, et al., Synthesis, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antioxidant activities of some tetrasubstituted thiophenes, J. Enzyme. Inhib. Med. Chem. 23 (2008) 829-838.M.K. Parai, G. Panda, V. Chaturvedi, Y.K. Manju, S. Sinha, Thiophene containing triarylmethanes as antitubercular agents, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Let. 18 (2008) 289-292.W. Wardakhan, O. Abdel-Salam, G. Elmegeed, Screening for antidepressant, sedative and analgesic activities of novel fused thiophene derivatives, Acta. Pharm. 58 (2008) 1-14.S. Sharma, F. Athar, M.R. Maurya, A. Azam, Copper(II) complexes with substituted thiosemicarbazones of thiophene-2-carboxaldehyde synthesis, characterization and antiamoebic activity against E. histolytica, Eur. J. Med. Chem. 40 (2005) 1414-1419.O. F. William, Principles of Medicinal Chemistry, 3rd. ed., Lippincott Williams Wilkins Publication, Philadelphia, 1989.A.A. Sagardoy, M. J. Gil, R. Villar, et al., Benzobthiophene-6-carboxamide 1,1-dioxides Inhibitors of human cancer prison cell growth at nanomolar concentrations, Bioorg. Med. Chem. 18 (2010) 5701-5707.A.A. Fadda, E. Abdel-Latif, R.E. El-Mekawy, Synthesis and molluscicidal activity of some new thiophene, thiadiazole and pyrazole derivatives, Eur. J. Med. Chem. 44 (2009) 1250-1256.Jeremie Fournier dit Chabert, Beatrice Marquez, Luc Neville, Lionel Joucla, Sylvie Broussous, Pascale Bouhours, Emilie David, Stephane Pellet Rostaing, Bernard Marquet,a Nicole Moreaub and Marc Lemairea, Synthesis and evaluation of new arylbenzobthiophene and diarylthiophene derivatives as inhibitors of the NorA multidrug conveyor belt of Staphylococcus aureus, Bioorganic Medicinal Chemistry 15 (2007) 44824497.Kavitha PN, Vijayanthimala P, Saravanan J, Mohan S. Research Journal of Pharma- ceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2010 1(2)124-130.Desai A, Mahajan HD, Ind Jour Chem, 2007 46(B)1169-1173.Ahmed MM, Farha FM Jordan Journal of Chem, 2008 3(3)223-232.Shiradker M, Kale R. Ind Jour Chem, 2006 46(B)1009-1013.Ahmed MM, Farha FM Jordan Journal of Chem, 2008 3(3)223-232.Mohan C, Bhargava G, Bedi PMS. J spirit Sci, 2009 1(2)97-101.Bhuiyan MH, Rahman KM. Acta Pharm., 2006 56 441-450.Nitinkumar SS, Lamani RS, Khazi IAM. Journal of Chem Sci, 2009 121(3)301-307.

Changing Family Structure in Modern Society Essay -- Family

This essay give identify how modern day society is changing with regards to family grammatical construction in particular marriage, cohabitation, step families and lone riseing explaining how this may or may not impact on parenting practices in turn influencing the outcome of children and the formation of their identities. It will also discuss the Governments role in aiding families and protecting children with regard to current policies and procedures. Also the current perception of childhood and the increasing role media play in portraying child delinquency.Almost every minute of every hour of every day of the year, a baby is born in Britain (Thomas, B and Dorling, D 2007). For young children the initial awareness of behaviour and morals are learned from the home they are born into, children watch, learn and can imitate the conduct of others. with child(p)s perceptions of good behaviour will be heavily influenced by their own cultural, religious, social and moral beliefs (Do wling 2005). However the main role of any parent is to contribute to the social development of their child this is supported through teaching social rules and expectations for behaviour. (McCartney & Phillips 2008)Modernity is related to the rise of capitalism, a society that encourages change and diversity. (Haralambos et al 2004) The 1960s and 1970s was a turning point throughout Western Europe and the perception of societal standards altered, attitudes towards family structures with regards to childbearing, marriage cohabitation and divorce changed.(Hunt 2009)Within todays society there are many variations of family units, there are lone parents, blended families, mixed race families, unmarried co-habiting parents, married parents and same sex parents. some(prenominal) diff... ...//www.esrcsocietytoday.ac.uk/ESRCInfoCentre/PO/releases/2004/june/stepfamiliesHaralambos, M Holborn,M Heald,R.(2004) Haralambos and Holborn Sociology Themes and PerspectivesHunt, S A. (2009) Family Trends British Families since the 1950s, Suffolk The Lavenham tweet LtdHill, M Tisdall, K.(1997) Children and Society, Essex Addison Wesley Longman LtdLee, N. (2001) Childhood and Society Growing up in an Age of Uncertainty, Buckingham Open University PressMcCartney, K. Phillips, D (2008) Early Childhood Development, Oxford Blackwell PublishingStones, C. (1994) Focus on Families Family Centres in Action, Hampshire The MacMillan PressThomas ,B Dorling,D (2007) Identity in Britain A Cradle to Grave Atlas, Bristol The Policy PressWyness ,M. (2006) Childhood and Society An Introduction to the sociology of Childhood, Hampshire Palgrave MacMillan